varicaps?

On 2020-04-02 18:29, Rickie C wrote:
On Thursday, April 2, 2020 at 7:26:21 PM UTC-4, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-02 10:21, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 09:32:36 +0300, upsidedown@downunder.com
wrote:

On Wed, 1 Apr 2020 16:30:55 -0700 (PDT), Phil Allison
pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:

[...]

News to me.


... Phil

50 kilowatts of radiated RF must be expensive. 5G will probably
take over everything at a huge energy saving.


No, it's just that the energy then comes out of the bank account of
the recipient, to pay for the pricey cell package. And where I was
today 5G would not have reached anyhow (access only on foot, via
mountain bike or on a horse).

I don't know what the big deal is about 5G. It is faster cell phone
service so that in dense cities you can pay the cell phone companies
for all your data needs rather than paying the "cable" companies for
the same thing. I suppose some people watch movies on their cell
phone, but really?

People do. No kidding.


... It's not really anything you can't get now,
except it will be from the cell companies instead of the cable
companies.

Larkin is funny. Talk about math challenged... 50 kW radiated is
around $0.25 per hour.

Care to share the math on that one? Or your patent for the
"super-bundler antenna"?

[...]

--
Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com/
 
On Friday, April 3, 2020 at 6:02:48 AM UTC-4, Jasen Betts wrote:
On 2020-04-01, Phil Allison <pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

No big problem, we can fix it in software :)

If not that, it can be fixed in post.

--

Rick C.

+-- Get 1,000 miles of free Supercharging
+-- Tesla referral code - https://ts.la/richard11209
 
On 2020-04-03 06:06, Gerhard Hoffmann wrote:
Am 03.04.20 um 11:50 schrieb Michael Terrell:

The first AM station that I worked at had a Gates BC250 transmitter
which was fed into a center tapped dipole, on 980KHz. That wasn't the
only oddity. It had a license from the FCC, but no assigned call
letters. No set power level. It stated: "250 Watts, or as deemed
necessary." The expiration date was, "Until no longer needed". The TV
station was the same. I ran the TV transmitter at 650 Watts. We were
exempt from most of the FCC regulations.

In Luxembourg, they used to have only maximum carrier power for ham
radio stations. That led to speculations how far one could get in SSB
with reasonable carrier suppression.

The racing division would have had a field day with that. Of course
all the downspouts in Luxemburg would have been demodulating it.

(I did a grade school project on Luxemburg, because there wasn't much
information available here in the '60s. I do remember that its area is
999 square miles, which is appealing.) ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 2020-04-03 10:32, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 09:51:14 -0000 (UTC), Jasen Betts
jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote:

On 2020-04-01, Phil Allison <pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

No big problem, we can fix it in software :)

A decent ARM, which typically includes a mediocre ADC, might, with a
PWM DAC for the audio, make a usable antenna-to-speaker AM receiver.
Could be a student project.

A mediocre 10-bit ADC billed as 12-bit. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 18:35:44 -0400, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-03 10:32, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 09:51:14 -0000 (UTC), Jasen Betts
jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote:

On 2020-04-01, Phil Allison <pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

No big problem, we can fix it in software :)

A decent ARM, which typically includes a mediocre ADC, might, with a
PWM DAC for the audio, make a usable antenna-to-speaker AM receiver.
Could be a student project.

A mediocre 10-bit ADC billed as 12-bit. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Still better than the terrible 1-volt ADCs in the Xilinx FPGAs.

--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc
picosecond timing precision measurement

jlarkin att highlandtechnology dott com
http://www.highlandtechnology.com
 
On 2020-04-03 19:23, John Larkin wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 18:35:44 -0400, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-03 10:32, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 09:51:14 -0000 (UTC), Jasen Betts
jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote:

On 2020-04-01, Phil Allison <pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

No big problem, we can fix it in software :)

A decent ARM, which typically includes a mediocre ADC, might, with a
PWM DAC for the audio, make a usable antenna-to-speaker AM receiver.
Could be a student project.

A mediocre 10-bit ADC billed as 12-bit. ;)


Still better than the terrible 1-volt ADCs in the Xilinx FPGAs.

Do tell!

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 04/04/2020 01:38, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-02 19:10, Clifford Heath wrote:
On 3/4/20 1:28 am, George Herold wrote:
On Thursday, April 2, 2020 at 10:12:28 AM UTC-4, piglet wrote:
On 02/04/2020 14:29, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 2 Apr 2020 10:24:49 +0100, piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com
wrote:

On 01/04/2020 11:34 pm, John Larkin wrote:
On Wed, 1 Apr 2020 16:56:48 -0400, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 16:20, sea moss wrote:

I wonder if it's practical to use a MOSFET's Coss as a
varicap.  I haven't
seen it done.

Standard technique in ASIC design

-- Kevin Aylward
http://www.anasoft.co.uk - SuperSpice
http://www.kevinaylward.co.uk/ee/index.html

Cool.  I should have googled it first, there's a few examples
out there.

There are pots of low-pF ones on Digikey.  The 1000-pFish ones
(MVAM108
etc.) are long gone, and the tens-to-hundreds range is
declining.  My
fave MV209 is a distant memory, but BB201s are still in stock.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

According to my Boonton, a BFT25 c-b junction only goes from
about 0.7
pF to around 0.65 from 0 to 6 volts. There's probably a bit of
fixture
capacitance too. Not a very good varicap.

I want a delta-c around 0.15 pF roughly, maybe 0.2. My dac+opamp
could
go to 20 volts.


You're going to need a bigger transistor. Try a BC847/2N3904 ?

piglet

I'm guessing that a varicap is doped to be, well, a varicap. They have
delta-c catios like 6:1 over some voltage range. Looks like transistor
junctions have much flatter c:v curves. So the tempco contribution
will be a lot higher if I use a transistor.

I've ordered some singles, Skyworks parts in the horrible SC79
package, and my 4-layer proto board should be here soon. If the board
house doesn't shut down.




Yes I think you're right about the flatter c:v curves. You only want
0.2pF swing so will have quite a lot of padding down.

I hooked up an SMD BC848C to the Boonton and got these:
Ccb (E open*)
0V 4.0pF
0.5V 3.2pF
1V 2.8pF
2V 2.36pF
3V 2.05pF
4V 1.85pF
5V 1.71pF
6V 1.60pF
7V 1.50pF
8V 1.42pF

Cceb (E tied to B)
0V 4.29pF
0.5V 3.54pF
1V 3.16pF
2V 2.69pF
3V 2.40pF
4V 2.20pF
5V 2.05pF
6V 1.92pF
7V 1.83pF
8V 1.75pF


A thru-hole version was Ccb (e open):
0V 5.35pF
0.5V 4.55pF
1V 4.12pF
2V 3.56pF
3V 3.19pF
4V 2.95pF
5V 2.72pF
6V 2.52pF
7V 2.33pF
8V 2.16pF

A thru hole RF part MPSH10 Ccb (e open):
0V 1.23pF
0.5V 1.09pF
1V 1.02pF
2V 0.94pF
3V 0.89pF
4V 0.86pF
5V 0.84pF
6V 0.82pF
7V 0.8pF
8V 0.79pF


A 4.3V 400mW zener was:
0V 211pF
0.5V 183pF
1V 168pF
2V 149pF

A junk box T1 red LED:
0V 28.4pF
0.5V 25.9pF
1V 24.4pF
2V 22pF
3V 20.4pF
4V 19.1pF
5V 18pF
6V 17.3pF
7V 16.6pF
8V 16pF

* I tried the NPN bjts Ccb-e and Cb-ce i.e. involving the base-emitter
junction - as expected the capacitance was higher at 12 to 16pF at zero
bias falling to 6-8pF at 6V (didnt go higher to avoid breakdown) but I
noticed that the low bias capacitance values looked jittery and only
settled down above about 2V.

My junkbox has some wire ended varicaps somewhere so next coffee
break I
will try those too.

piglet

Fun,  If I can riff on the physics.  The variable C is caused by
changes in the depletion width.  So what sort of devices would have
a large variation?
PIN photodiodes?
maybe c-b junc of high voltage transistors?
What else?

High voltage rectifier diodes

Not so much.  See e.g.
https://datasheet.octopart.com/MMBD5004S-7-Diodes-Inc.-datasheet-13686563.pdf


About than 10% variation from 1V-30V.  1N4007 is about a factor of 2 in
that range.

PIN photodiodes can be in the 7:1 range, but Q is probably going to be
disappointing on account of the epi sheet resistance.  (The epi has to
be thin enough to be optically transparent.)  Your basic BPW34 has about
50 ohms' series resistance.  (That's for the Infineon ones.  The Osrams
are much worse.)

I thought Infineon and Osram Opto Semicondustors were both the same
ex-Siemens products, at various stages of rebranding. Did you mean
Vishay for one of them? I suspect that Vishay may be the ex-Telefunken
parts.
 
On Sat, 4 Apr 2020 02:53:36 -0400, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-03 19:23, John Larkin wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 18:35:44 -0400, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-03 10:32, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Fri, 3 Apr 2020 09:51:14 -0000 (UTC), Jasen Betts
jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote:

On 2020-04-01, Phil Allison <pallison49@gmail.com> wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

No big problem, we can fix it in software :)

A decent ARM, which typically includes a mediocre ADC, might, with a
PWM DAC for the audio, make a usable antenna-to-speaker AM receiver.
Could be a student project.

A mediocre 10-bit ADC billed as 12-bit. ;)


Still better than the terrible 1-volt ADCs in the Xilinx FPGAs.

Do tell!

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

They can self-report the chip temperature, which can be fun.



--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc

Science teaches us to doubt.

Claude Bernard
 
On 2020-04-04 06:53, Chris Jones wrote:
On 04/04/2020 01:38, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-02 19:10, Clifford Heath wrote:
On 3/4/20 1:28 am, George Herold wrote:
On Thursday, April 2, 2020 at 10:12:28 AM UTC-4, piglet wrote:
On 02/04/2020 14:29, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 2 Apr 2020 10:24:49 +0100, piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com
wrote:

On 01/04/2020 11:34 pm, John Larkin wrote:
On Wed, 1 Apr 2020 16:56:48 -0400, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 16:20, sea moss wrote:

I wonder if it's practical to use a MOSFET's Coss as a
varicap.  I haven't
seen it done.

Standard technique in ASIC design

-- Kevin Aylward
http://www.anasoft.co.uk - SuperSpice
http://www.kevinaylward.co.uk/ee/index.html

Cool.  I should have googled it first, there's a few examples
out there.

There are pots of low-pF ones on Digikey.  The 1000-pFish ones
(MVAM108
etc.) are long gone, and the tens-to-hundreds range is
declining.  My
fave MV209 is a distant memory, but BB201s are still in stock.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

According to my Boonton, a BFT25 c-b junction only goes from
about 0.7
pF to around 0.65 from 0 to 6 volts. There's probably a bit of
fixture
capacitance too. Not a very good varicap.

I want a delta-c around 0.15 pF roughly, maybe 0.2. My dac+opamp
could
go to 20 volts.


You're going to need a bigger transistor. Try a BC847/2N3904 ?

piglet

I'm guessing that a varicap is doped to be, well, a varicap. They
have
delta-c catios like 6:1 over some voltage range. Looks like
transistor
junctions have much flatter c:v curves. So the tempco contribution
will be a lot higher if I use a transistor.

I've ordered some singles, Skyworks parts in the horrible SC79
package, and my 4-layer proto board should be here soon. If the board
house doesn't shut down.




Yes I think you're right about the flatter c:v curves. You only want
0.2pF swing so will have quite a lot of padding down.

I hooked up an SMD BC848C to the Boonton and got these:
Ccb (E open*)
0V 4.0pF
0.5V 3.2pF
1V 2.8pF
2V 2.36pF
3V 2.05pF
4V 1.85pF
5V 1.71pF
6V 1.60pF
7V 1.50pF
8V 1.42pF

Cceb (E tied to B)
0V 4.29pF
0.5V 3.54pF
1V 3.16pF
2V 2.69pF
3V 2.40pF
4V 2.20pF
5V 2.05pF
6V 1.92pF
7V 1.83pF
8V 1.75pF


A thru-hole version was Ccb (e open):
0V 5.35pF
0.5V 4.55pF
1V 4.12pF
2V 3.56pF
3V 3.19pF
4V 2.95pF
5V 2.72pF
6V 2.52pF
7V 2.33pF
8V 2.16pF

A thru hole RF part MPSH10 Ccb (e open):
0V 1.23pF
0.5V 1.09pF
1V 1.02pF
2V 0.94pF
3V 0.89pF
4V 0.86pF
5V 0.84pF
6V 0.82pF
7V 0.8pF
8V 0.79pF


A 4.3V 400mW zener was:
0V 211pF
0.5V 183pF
1V 168pF
2V 149pF

A junk box T1 red LED:
0V 28.4pF
0.5V 25.9pF
1V 24.4pF
2V 22pF
3V 20.4pF
4V 19.1pF
5V 18pF
6V 17.3pF
7V 16.6pF
8V 16pF

* I tried the NPN bjts Ccb-e and Cb-ce i.e. involving the base-emitter
junction - as expected the capacitance was higher at 12 to 16pF at
zero
bias falling to 6-8pF at 6V (didnt go higher to avoid breakdown) but I
noticed that the low bias capacitance values looked jittery and only
settled down above about 2V.

My junkbox has some wire ended varicaps somewhere so next coffee
break I
will try those too.

piglet

Fun,  If I can riff on the physics.  The variable C is caused by
changes in the depletion width.  So what sort of devices would have
a large variation?
PIN photodiodes?
maybe c-b junc of high voltage transistors?
What else?

High voltage rectifier diodes

Not so much.  See e.g.
https://datasheet.octopart.com/MMBD5004S-7-Diodes-Inc.-datasheet-13686563.pdf


About than 10% variation from 1V-30V.  1N4007 is about a factor of 2
in that range.

PIN photodiodes can be in the 7:1 range, but Q is probably going to be
disappointing on account of the epi sheet resistance.  (The epi has to
be thin enough to be optically transparent.)  Your basic BPW34 has
about 50 ohms' series resistance.  (That's for the Infineon ones.  The
Osrams are much worse.)

I thought Infineon and Osram Opto Semicondustors were both the same
ex-Siemens products, at various stages of rebranding. Did you mean
Vishay for one of them? I suspect that Vishay may be the ex-Telefunken
parts.



Roight. Osram is the good one, Vishay the bad one.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison
wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such.
Those with large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and Slacker
Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most of the
time when driving, and not just then.


.. Oh, and bluetooth from your phone. But no AM radio. I think
they could do that 100% in software if they wanted to. It's only
1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for the
preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer), that has
fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean counter, which has cost
performance when in the vicinity of other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due to
mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing products,
including images, mixing between all harmonics and letting RF and LO
frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much of the
problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it is also easy to
get away with the image frequency response. Thus, fixed tuned high
pass filters below low end of the band and low pass above the band
is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid of the
image frequency. SSB mixers help, but are a lot more complicated than a
tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than 30-40 dB rejection.

That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens of MHz
and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to 455kHz or wherever
one can buy the best filters.


In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption is the
premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but in car and
mains powered receivers the use of strong high power mixers is not
a problem.

Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt they will
contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a glorified Gilbert
cell in there.

--
Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com/
 
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison
wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such.
Those with large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and Slacker
Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most of the
time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio. I think
they could do that 100% in software if they wanted to.  It's only
1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for the
preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer), that has
fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean counter, which has cost
performance when in the vicinity of other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due to
mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing products,
including images, mixing between all harmonics and letting RF and LO
frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much of the
problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it is also easy to
get away with the image frequency response. Thus, fixed tuned high
pass filters below low end of the band and low pass above the band
is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid of the
image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more complicated than a
tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than 30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens of MHz
and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to 455kHz or wherever
one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption is the
premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but in car and
mains powered  receivers the use of strong high power mixers is not
a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt they will
contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a glorified Gilbert
cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels. I use them in switched
attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms R_on. Almost
like a relay.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs


--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 4/2/2020 1:23 AM, Chris Jones wrote:
On 02/04/2020 10:30, Phil Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such. Those with
large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

    News to me.


...   Phil



If someone were designing an AM radio these days, quite likely they
would use a chip for the radio receiver circuitry, and those quite
likely would have a PLL with the VCO integrated on the chip, e.g.
TDA7786. So, the market for discrete varactors suited to the AM band may
have gone away regardless of whether AM radios stay popular.

I think your right, but I haven't done an exhaustive research of
models coming out in the last year. There are plenty that use a chip.
Here's Silabs list of chips and radio type use.
> https://www.silabs.com/audio-and-radio

Mikek
 
On 2020-04-05 09:23, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison
wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such.
Those with large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and Slacker
Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most of the
time when driving, and not just then.


.. Oh, and bluetooth from your phone. But no AM radio. I think
they could do that 100% in software if they wanted to. It's only
1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for the
preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer), that has
fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean counter, which has cost
performance when in the vicinity of other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due to
mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing products,
including images, mixing between all harmonics and letting RF and LO
frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much of the
problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it is also easy to
get away with the image frequency response. Thus, fixed tuned high
pass filters below low end of the band and low pass above the band
is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid of the
image frequency. SSB mixers help, but are a lot more complicated than a
tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than 30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens of
MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to 455kHz or
wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption is the
premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but in car and
mains powered receivers the use of strong high power mixers is not
a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt they
will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a glorified
Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels. I use them in switched
attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms R_on. Almost
like a relay.

$0.40 is a fortune in consumer or automotive electronics. When designing
this sort of stuff I have to calculate in fractions of pennies. A good
example was a client who wanted me to determine which resistors in an
older design of mine could be relaxed to 10%, 20% and untrimmed. The
cost difference per resistor was a few tens of milli-cents but their ROI
on my consulting fee for that job was in the green within weeks.

Selecting a half-a-buck part would require are really good reason and is
typically not in the cards.

--
Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com/
 
On 2020-04-05 13:17, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-05 09:23, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison
wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such.
Those with large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and Slacker
Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most of the
time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio. I think
they could do that 100% in software if they wanted to.  It's only
1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for the
preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer), that has
fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean counter, which has cost
performance when in the vicinity of other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due to
mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing products,
including images, mixing between all harmonics and letting RF and LO
frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much of the
problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it is also easy to
get away with the image frequency response. Thus, fixed tuned high
pass filters below low end of the band and low pass above the band
is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid of the
image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more complicated
than a
tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than 30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens of
MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to 455kHz or
wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption is the
premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but in car and
mains powered  receivers the use of strong high power mixers is not
a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt they
will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a glorified
Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels.  I use them in switched
attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms R_on.  Almost
like a relay.


$0.40 is a fortune in consumer or automotive electronics. When designing
this sort of stuff I have to calculate in fractions of pennies. A good
example was a client who wanted me to determine which resistors in an
older design of mine could be relaxed to 10%, 20% and untrimmed. The
cost difference per resistor was a few tens of milli-cents but their ROI
on my consulting fee for that job was in the green within weeks.

Selecting a half-a-buck part would require are really good reason and is
typically not in the cards.

Sure, but a CMOS RF chip could have the equivalent built right in. Ed
Oxner of Siliconix did excellent work back in the early '80s making
incredibly strong mixers out of matched NMOS quads. (The first was the
Si8901, but those morons have recycled that part number to refer to
something entirely different, so the datasheet is hard to find.)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison
wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and such.
Those with large capacitances lost their market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and Slacker
Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most of the
time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio. I think
they could do that 100% in software if they wanted to.  It's only
1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for the
preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer), that has
fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean counter, which has cost
performance when in the vicinity of other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due to
mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing products,
including images, mixing between all harmonics and letting RF and LO
frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much of the
problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it is also easy to
get away with the image frequency response. Thus, fixed tuned high
pass filters below low end of the band and low pass above the band
is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid of the
image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more complicated than a
tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than 30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens of MHz
and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to 455kHz or wherever
one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption is the
premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but in car and
mains powered  receivers the use of strong high power mixers is not
a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt they will
contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a glorified Gilbert
cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels. I use them in switched
attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms R_on. Almost
like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low voltage parts. Âą12 volt parts is a different matter. But 2 pF is low.

--

Rick C.

+ Get 1,000 miles of free Supercharging
+ Tesla referral code - https://ts.la/richard11209
 
On 2020-04-05 11:23, Ricky C wrote:
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil
Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and
such. Those with large capacitances lost their
market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and
Slacker Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most
of the time when driving, and not just then.


.. Oh, and bluetooth from your phone. But no AM radio.
I think they could do that 100% in software if they
wanted to. It's only 1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for
the preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer),
that has fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean
counter, which has cost performance when in the vicinity of
other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due
to mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing
products, including images, mixing between all harmonics and
letting RF and LO frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much
of the problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it
is also easy to get away with the image frequency response.
Thus, fixed tuned high pass filters below low end of the band
and low pass above the band is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid
of the image frequency. SSB mixers help, but are a lot more
complicated than a tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than
30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens
of MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to
455kHz or wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption
is the premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but
in car and mains powered receivers the use of strong high
power mixers is not a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt
they will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a
glorified Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels. I use them in
switched attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms
R_on. Almost like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low
voltage parts. Âą12 volt parts is a different matter. But 2 pF is
low.

If you ever need a really fine and well-matched low capacitance quad
switch check out the SD5400 series. Just keep in mind that ESD-wise they
are the princess on the pea. One wee sneeze ... phut ... gone.

--
Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com/
 
On 2020-04-05 15:48, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-05 11:23, Ricky C wrote:
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil
Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and
such. Those with large capacitances lost their
market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and
Slacker Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most
of the time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio.
I think they could do that 100% in software if they
wanted to.  It's only 1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for
the preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer),
that has fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean
counter, which has cost performance when in the vicinity of
other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due
to mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing
products, including images, mixing between all harmonics and
letting RF and LO frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much
of the problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it
is also easy to get away with the image frequency response.
Thus, fixed tuned high pass filters below low end of the band
and low pass above the band is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid
of the image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more
complicated than a tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than
30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens
of MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to
455kHz or wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption
is the premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but
in car and mains powered  receivers the use of strong high
power mixers is not a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt
they will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a
glorified Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels.  I use them in
switched attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms
R_on.  Almost like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low
voltage parts.  ¹12 volt parts is a different matter.  But 2 pF is
low.


If you ever need a really fine and well-matched low capacitance quad
switch check out the SD5400 series. Just keep in mind that ESD-wise they
are the princess on the pea. One wee sneeze ... phut ... gone.

The SD5400 series are the same technology as the Si8901, iirc.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs



--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 7/4/20 8:11 am, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-05 15:48, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-05 11:23, Ricky C wrote:
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil
Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and
such. Those with large capacitances lost their
market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and
Slacker Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most
of the time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio.
I think they could do that 100% in software if they
wanted to.  It's only 1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for
the preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer),
that has fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean
counter, which has cost performance when in the vicinity of
other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due
to mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing
products, including images, mixing between all harmonics and
letting RF and LO frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much
of the problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it
is also easy to get away with the image frequency response.
Thus, fixed tuned high pass filters below low end of the band
and low pass above the band is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid
of the image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more
complicated than a tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than
30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens
of MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to
455kHz or wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption
is the premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but
in car and mains powered  receivers the use of strong high
power mixers is not a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt
they will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a
glorified Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels.  I use them in
switched attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms
R_on.  Almost like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low
voltage parts.  ¹12 volt parts is a different matter.  But 2 pF is
low.


If you ever need a really fine and well-matched low capacitance quad
switch check out the SD5400 series. Just keep in mind that ESD-wise
they are the princess on the pea. One wee sneeze ... phut ... gone.

The SD5400 series are the same technology as the Si8901, iirc.

Originally designed and made here in Sydney, I believe. Each time that
company invents something useful, the technology gets sold off by
selling the company minus the R&D, and the company is reborn under a new
name, so I can never remember the name(s). They've done it at least four
times though.

CH
 
On 7/4/20 10:27 am, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-06 19:37, Clifford Heath wrote:
On 7/4/20 8:11 am, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-05 15:48, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-05 11:23, Ricky C wrote:
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil
Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and
such. Those with large capacitances lost their
market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and
Slacker Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most
of the time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio.
I think they could do that 100% in software if they
wanted to.  It's only 1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for
the preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer),
that has fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean
counter, which has cost performance when in the vicinity of
other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due
to mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing
products, including images, mixing between all harmonics and
letting RF and LO frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much
of the problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it
is also easy to get away with the image frequency response.
Thus, fixed tuned high pass filters below low end of the band
and low pass above the band is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid
of the image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more
complicated than a tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than
30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens
of MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to
455kHz or wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption
is the premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but
in car and mains powered  receivers the use of strong high
power mixers is not a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt
they will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a
glorified Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels.  I use them in
switched attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms
R_on.  Almost like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low
voltage parts.  ¹12 volt parts is a different matter.  But 2 pF is
low.


If you ever need a really fine and well-matched low capacitance quad
switch check out the SD5400 series. Just keep in mind that ESD-wise
they are the princess on the pea. One wee sneeze ... phut ... gone.

The SD5400 series are the same technology as the Si8901, iirc.

Originally designed and made here in Sydney, I believe. Each time that
company invents something useful, the technology gets sold off by
selling the company minus the R&D, and the company is reborn under a
new name, so I can never remember the name(s). They've done it at
least four times though.

CH



And the people probably get to live somewhere where the beer is better
and the wildlife isn't all trying to kill them.  A win all round. ;)

I dunno, the beer scene is incredible in Melbourne (most of those are
available here) and the local Four Pines is pretty good. Modus Operandi
is fantastic but at a silly price (like $double most craft beers). I've
been enjoying Grand Ridge recently, from Gippsland. If you haven't
visited Melbourne in the last five years, I daresay you really don't
know enough to comment on the beers. And the coffee scene is better than
anywhere else on earth, including Seattle.

Wildlife... well I haven't died yet. Seen the odd shark while swimming
(even a few scary ones - we get out!) and a funnel-web spider once, but
apart from that, the worst I've had is a couple of tick bites.

CH
 
On 2020-04-06 19:37, Clifford Heath wrote:
On 7/4/20 8:11 am, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-05 15:48, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-05 11:23, Ricky C wrote:
On Sunday, April 5, 2020 at 12:23:14 PM UTC-4, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-04 19:04, Joerg wrote:
On 2020-04-03 07:42, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-03 03:56, upsidedown@downunder.com wrote:
On Thu, 02 Apr 2020 16:21:17 -0700, Joerg
news@analogconsultants.com> wrote:

On 2020-04-01 17:29, Rick C wrote:
On Wednesday, April 1, 2020 at 7:31:01 PM UTC-4, Phil
Allison wrote:
Joerg wrote:

-------------

Up to about 30pf they'll likely remain. Skyworks and
such. Those with large capacitances lost their
market.



** AM radio has disappeared ??

News to me.

My car doesn't even receive AM, only FM, Sirius XM and
Slacker Internet radio.


I would not want that radio in my car. I listen to AM most
of the time when driving, and not just then.


..  Oh, and bluetooth from your phone.  But no AM radio.
I think they could do that 100% in software if they
wanted to.  It's only 1600 kHz max frequency.


Well, they don't go that far but everything is PLL or DDS
nowadays. There simply isn't a need any longer for large
capacitance varicaps to run the local oscillator. As for
the preselector (adjustable filter in front of the mixer),
that has fallen victim to the red pencil of the bean
counter, which has cost performance when in the vicinity of
other strong signals.

Selectivity ahead of the mixer was needed in the old days due
to mediocre mixers, usually a single transistor biased into
non-linearity. These mixers produced all kind of mixing
products, including images, mixing between all harmonics and
letting RF and LO frequencies through.


Using strong double balanced mixers (e.g diode rings), much
of the problems disappeared. By using a higher first IF, it
is also easy to get away with the image frequency response.
Thus, fixed tuned high pass filters below low end of the band
and low pass above the band is usually sufficient.

An arbitrarily strong mixer still needs selectivity to get rid
of the image frequency.  SSB mixers help, but are a lot more
complicated than a tuned RF stage, and rarely have better than
30-40 dB rejection.


That's why many professional receivers have a very high IF, tens
of MHz and sometimes above 100MHz, then mix down straight to
455kHz or wherever one can buy the best filters.



In battery powered equipment, in which the power consumption
is the premium issue, very strong mixers can't be used, but
in car and mains powered  receivers the use of strong high
power mixers is not a problem.


Not just that. With car radios every penny counts and I doubt
they will contain high-IP3 mixers. Probably not much more than a
glorified Gilbert cell in there.

Well, the TMUX1511 is only 40 cents in reels.  I use them in
switched attenuators, and they're the greatest--2 pF C_off, 5 ohms
R_on.  Almost like a relay.

When I looked for low resistance switches I found no shortage of low
voltage parts.  ¹12 volt parts is a different matter.  But 2 pF is
low.


If you ever need a really fine and well-matched low capacitance quad
switch check out the SD5400 series. Just keep in mind that ESD-wise
they are the princess on the pea. One wee sneeze ... phut ... gone.

The SD5400 series are the same technology as the Si8901, iirc.

Originally designed and made here in Sydney, I believe. Each time that
company invents something useful, the technology gets sold off by
selling the company minus the R&D, and the company is reborn under a new
name, so I can never remember the name(s). They've done it at least four
times though.

CH

And the people probably get to live somewhere where the beer is better
and the wildlife isn't all trying to kill them. A win all round. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 

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