Toshiba TV29C90 problem; Image fades to black...

[Michael A. Terrell]

Sam Goldwasser wrote:

I may be a flakey door interlock switch.

I had no idea, Sam! ;-)


--
Service to my country? Been there, Done that, and I've got my DD214 to
prove it.
Member of DAV #85.

Michael A. Terrell
Central Florida

 

[Mr. Land]

On Nov 21, 3:36 pm, "Mr. Land" <grafton...@yahoo.com> wrote:

Hi, I'm looking for opinions on the following, thanks.

We're making the move to OTA DTV for our whole house, having weaned
off cable. I have a decent antenna mounted on our roof with a
rotator. There's a Channel Master amp mounted at the antenna also. I
haven't measured distances so I can't quote specific cable lengths, so
I'll just state that our house is a garden-variety, 2-story Colonial.
I've been using this antenna w/ our main TV and the results have been
very good. My current assignment is to now distribute this signal to
other outlets in the house.

I'm using RG-6 for everything.

The antenna cable runs out of the amp on the mast down into the wall
behind our plasma. There, I'm splitting it: one half to the plasma,
the other continuing down into the basement, then to my electrical
panel at the opposite corner of the house.

When the house was built all the bedrooms were wired for cable tv.
All of these cables feed in-wall "F" outlets and meet at the panel in
the basement. Currently there are 6 of them.

My first assumption was that, since I am splitting behind the plasma,
then running an approx -3dB signal down to the panel, I'd be better
off with a distribution amplifier there (rather than a splitter), so I
picked up an 8-output unit (Channel Master 3045).

The dealer stated that I MUST terminate any unused outputs of the
dist. amp., or I would "lose power". I'm not sure I follow this -
wouldn't unterminated outputs cause ringing, rather than a loss of
output? Or would one cause the other?

If I used a passive splitter at the panel instead, would its unused
outputs also need to be terminated?

I did note that the 8-way passive splitter previously installed by our
cable company had several unused outlets, none of which they bothered
to terminate. I wonder if they're ignorant, lazy, cheap, or this
termination business is a myth.

Thanks for any advice/insight...

Thanks for the responses and clear explanations. Off to the antenna
shop for some terminators...

 

[hr(bob) hofmann@att.net]

On Nov 26, 3:57 am, "Michael A. Terrell" <mike.terr...@earthlink.net>
wrote:

Sam Goldwasser wrote:

I may be a flakey door interlock switch.

I had no idea, Sam! ;-)

--
Service to my country? Been there, Done that, and I've got my DD214 to
prove it.
Member of DAV #85.

Michael A. Terrell
Central Florida

Picky, Picky. Instead of picking directly on Sam, you should correct
his spelling of flakey. <G>

Bob Hofmann

 

[Michael A. Terrell]

"hr(bob) hofmann@att.net" wrote:

On Nov 26, 3:57 am, "Michael A. Terrell" <mike.terr...@earthlink.net
wrote:
Sam Goldwasser wrote:

I may be a flakey door interlock switch.

I had no idea, Sam! ;-)

Picky, Picky. Instead of picking directly on Sam, you should correct
his spelling of flakey. <G

Gee, I thought he spelled it that way for the Europeans. ;-)


--
Service to my country? Been there, Done that, and I've got my DD214 to
prove it.
Member of DAV #85.

Michael A. Terrell
Central Florida

 

Is this phenomenon governed by the control electronics, which would probably
call for a replacement microwave or is it caused be the failure or
misadjustment of one or more of the mechanical switches that could be
remedied by a DIYer?

Charlie

No door switches should affect the turntable. The problem must be

flakey control electronics.

 

[Stormin Mormon]

Replace the thing, already.

--
Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
www.lds.org
..

 

[Heinz Schmitz]

Cute <learn2pickup@yahoo.co.uk> wrote:

Learn how to use the same techniques to
meet the woman of your dreams.

We don't need techniques. Rather tell us WHERE this woman is!

Regards,
H.

 

[hallerb@aol.com]

On Feb 18, 6:24�pm, "James Sweet" <jamessw...@hotmail.com> wrote:

"Bob M." <n...@nospam.com> wrote in message

news:0cSdnQ18vbThnyfanZ2dnUVZ_qainZ2d@bresnan.com...

"Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator" <donna....@sbcglobal.net> wrote
in messagenews:Hjhuj.8178$5K1.598@newssvr12.news.prodigy.net...

2. Even Superman couldn't would have a tough time removing mine ...
�http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2274085498_52c3b7d618.jpg?v=0

Given it took a pipe wrench plus a huge cheater bar to remove the anode
with the water heater removed and blocked on the ground ... and given
that

On your new heater, take the anode out and wrap the threads once with
teflon tape or anti-seize compound. Much easier to remove the next time;
still provides protection too.

Doesn't it still need to be grounded to the tank?

I remember from boats that the sacrificial anode needs a good solid ground
connection to the engine or transmission block.

yes it does,,,,,,,,,,,, no metal to metal contact no protection.....

geez i just replace the tank when it fails, it gets me a more efficent
unit every 10 years or so.

disturbing the anode and messing with the tank can generate a leak and
early tank replacement.........

 

[James Sweet]

"Bob M." <no@nospam.com> wrote in message
news:0cSdnQ18vbThnyfanZ2dnUVZ_qainZ2d@bresnan.com...

"Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator" <donna.ohl@sbcglobal.net> wrote
in message news:Hjhuj.8178$5K1.598@newssvr12.news.prodigy.net...

2. Even Superman couldn't would have a tough time removing mine ...
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2274085498_52c3b7d618.jpg?v=0

Given it took a pipe wrench plus a huge cheater bar to remove the anode
with the water heater removed and blocked on the ground ... and given
that

On your new heater, take the anode out and wrap the threads once with
teflon tape or anti-seize compound. Much easier to remove the next time;
still provides protection too.

Doesn't it still need to be grounded to the tank?

I remember from boats that the sacrificial anode needs a good solid ground
connection to the engine or transmission block.

 

[Bob M.]

"Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator" <donna.ohl@sbcglobal.net> wrote in
message news:Hjhuj.8178$5K1.598@newssvr12.news.prodigy.net...

2. Even Superman couldn't would have a tough time removing mine ...
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2274085498_52c3b7d618.jpg?v=0

Given it took a pipe wrench plus a huge cheater bar to remove the anode
with the water heater removed and blocked on the ground ... and given that

On your new heater, take the anode out and wrap the threads once with teflon
tape or anti-seize compound. Much easier to remove the next time; still
provides protection too.

 

[N Cook]

N Cook <diverse8@gazeta.pl> wrote in message
news:fi112n$kpk$1@inews.gazeta.pl...

I decided to take a skew view before wiring in

http://home.graffiti.net/diverse:graffiti.net/ful-fi4.jpg
2 rings of green silicone rubber sleeving to take silvered wires before
dabs
of gummy glue.
One black rubber pad chamfered to rest in the top cover, yellow-white
rubber
pad cut down , orginal brown rubbery moulding that enclosed both original
rochelle crystals and extensions to both stylii saddles.
The saphire of the original remounted ( coded yellow and green) stylus is
just visible to the top and right of the brown section, through a gap in
the
white plastic casing.
The original small plastic stylus saddle went quite neatly through the
hole
for the original rochelle.
The now unused second brass screw mount for the other stylus and its
corresponding saddle rest flat, on the brown section, is visible on the
lower edge.
Decided to wire in only one active element of the Sonotone and also to
have
more space to play with ditch the 78 option and just use 2 of the original
3
pins and plates to the outside. It is very critical on signal generation
on
how much the rubber supports are compressed, I may cut the thickness down
a
bit if the sound is ropey.
It would probably be possible, in space terms, to separate the 2 sonotone
and mount one either side and retain double stylus, rotating function.


--
Diverse Devices, Southampton, England
electronic hints and repair briefs , schematics/manuals list on
http://home.graffiti.net/diverse:graffiti.net/

Got back to this back-burner job today.
I had to abandon putting piezo element in the original cartridge housing,
not enough output.
Sliding a cable tie lightly over the stylus gave about 100mV , wheras doing
the same over a complete piezo, ie vibration not having to go through a load
of brownish rubber gave about 2V pk-pk output with the cable tie.
Adabted the yoke to be able to slide in piezo pick-up ,retains the little
78/LP flag , and can rotate but no second stylus, and is shrouded in the arm
so nothing shows in normal use.

--
Diverse Devices, Southampton, England
electronic hints and repair briefs , schematics/manuals list on
http://home.graffiti.net/diverse:graffiti.net/

 

[Brad]

Hi,
It looks like the problem is fixed (see below for details).

This is the first time I have encountered a button switch/s that tested good
(no "leakage" at 50V test), but turned out to have intermittent "leakage".

Thanks to everyone who offered their help, Brad


On Tue, 20 Nov 2007 21:02:52 GMT, in sci.electronics.repair you wrote:

Hi,

I finally found something that may be the cause of this problem. I will
report back in a week or so after I confirm it.

This was the first test I performed on this TV, which "past the test".
I used a capacitor tester's "leak" test (very sensitive) set at 50V and
checked all the button switches. Absolutely no sign of "leakage".
I won't tell you all the other things I did. Sometimes it pays to re-test.

This time, when the TV started it's off/on "ritual" again, I unplugged the
TV and I performed another "leak" test on the button switches.
Wow!!! now I have a "leak" indication. Imagine, an intermittent "leak"!!!
I opened the circuit trace to all the button switches. Now, I will use the
remote control on this TV for the next week or so to confirm. Please
"stay tuned".
Brad

On Mon, 19 Nov 2007 18:31:55 GMT, in sci.electronics.repair you wrote:

Hi,

Has anyone fixed a late model TV (mfg 2005/2006) with this problem:

You turn on the TV, after the screen lights up, etc. the TV turns itself off.
About 5 seconds later, the TV turns itself on, etc. You have to pull the
plug to stop the off/on cycle. Sometimes, you turn on the TV and it will
play for a while before this off/on cycle begins.

IMPORTANT: The TV may work just fine for a few days, then it happens.
Eventually, the TV begins to work fine again for another two or three days
before it happens again.

I have serviced TVs for years and I performed many tests on this
RCA TV, chassis M134C (mfg 01/06).

I thought about replacing the micro or the eeprom, but I could be
wasting my time and money?

Thanks in advance, Brad

Before you type your password, credit card number, etc.,
be sure there is no active keystroke logger (spyware) in your PC.

 

[hallerb@aol.com]

On Feb 18, 11:42�am, "Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator"
<donna....@sbcglobal.net> wrote:

On Mon, 18 Feb 2008 09:18:04 -0800 (PST), N8N wrote:
If you try to remove it next year, you should be able to do it

Good point. We should remove the anode every year so that it *can* be
removed when it comes time to replace it with a similarly sized one.

One thing we still need to do is attach the drainage pipe from the
Temperature & Pressure valve to near the floor in case of an overflow.http://www.flickr.com/photos/donnaohl/2274211119/

Is the drain pipe mandatory (can we just leave it off)?

It seems to me a drain pipe *should* be mandatory because you don't want
hot water spewing forth at eye level. However, due to configuration
changes, even with the taller tank, the old drainage tube is too long and
too close to the tank so we can't just screw the old one in. We have to
modify it somehow to make it shorter and move it away from the wood base.

QUESTION:
How many inches ABOVE the garage floor should it end?http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2030/2273228265_01c9df0f48_m.jpg

If we can end ABOVE the 18 inch wooden platform, that would be easier.
If we have to end six or so inches above the garage cement floor, that
would necessitate an elbow to get past the wooden base but it seems a
horizontal line can clog causing a safety hazard.

I googled but did not find any specs as to HOW MANY INCHES above either the
floor or better yet, the wooden platform, that a drain pipe must terminate..

Can someone recommend a solution?

Thanks
Donna

new plastic [pipe and fitting will repace the drain line easily.......
no biggie

replace the galvanized all of it before it leaks and causes mold ,
structural damage or a flood.

it will fix all flow issues and make your home more valuable

 

[William Sommerwerck]

Earn $10,000 A Month From Your Bedroom! Wish
You Could Find Just One REAL LEGITIMATE WAY
To Make REAL MONEY Right From Your Bedroom?

I can think of a way... It used to be known as "horizontal refreshment".

 

[Stormin Mormon]

I've seen flex line for gas, and flex braided for water. Not sure it's
legal. But it sure is a lot easier than making the correct shapes of rigid
pipe nipples.

Yes, that galvanized pip should be replaced.

--
Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
www.lds.org
..


"Edwin Pawlowski" <esp@snet.net> wrote in message
news:%vhuj.8191$5K1.1450@newssvr12.news.prodigy.net...

"Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator" <donna.ohl@sbcglobal.net> wrote in
message

Let's learn from this half-day job.
Would this hot water heater R&R pass your inspection?
Why or why not?

Donna & Bill

I appears that you re-used the flex gas line. That should be replaced with
any new installation and would be a code violation in most, if not all,
places.

From the photo, it looks as though you used on SS line and one copper line.
If so, that is a sure sign of a hack job. Meantime, start thinking about
replacing all of that galvanized pip with either copper or pex.

 

[Stormin Mormon]

I'd guess if you remove and inspect annually, that the threads don't lock
up.

Why did you want to remove the anode of the old heater? Just curious?

--
Christopher A. Young
Learn more about Jesus
www.lds.org
..


"Donna Ohl, Grady Volunteer Coordinator" <donna.ohl@sbcglobal.net> wrote in
message news:Hjhuj.8178$5K1.598@newssvr12.news.prodigy.net...

I just replaced the anodes ... on two ancient (80's) water heaters

2. Even Superman couldn't would have a tough time removing mine ...
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2033/2274085498_52c3b7d618.jpg?v=0


Can anyone really expect to remove the anode when it needs inspection?
Why don't they provide TWO HOLES so you can add a second anode when needed?

 

[Sjouke Burry]

abdo911 wrote:

WAMY Series: On Islam No.9.Introduction
God's Attributes
Creepy nitwit, go blow yourself up.

 

[radiosrfun]

"Sjouke Burry" <burrynulnulfour@ppllaanneett.nnlll> wrote in message
news:4753068a$0$25485$ba620dc5@text.nova.planet.nl...

abdo911 wrote:
WAMY Series: On Islam No.9.Introduction
God's Attributes
Creepy nitwit, go blow yourself up.

Someone sent me a video or picture once - which I thought applies handily
here to these assholes. It was "Islamic Windchimes". Showed a bunch of them
"hanging". One of the best pictures I ever seen.

 

[sparky]

On Dec 2, 2:31 am, abdo911 <jipksa...@gmail.com> wrote:

WAMY Series: On Islam No.9.Introduction
God's Attributes
The Oneness of God
The Believer's Attitude
Introduction
It is a known fact that every language has one or more terms that are
used in reference to God and sometimes to lesser deities. This is not
the case with Allah. Allah is the personal name of the One true God.
Nothing else can be called Allah. The term has no plural or gender.
This shows its uniqueness when compared with the word "god," which can
be made plural, as in "gods," or made feminine, as in "goddess." It is
interesting to notice that Allah is the personal name of God in
Aramaic, the language of Jesus and a sister language of Arabic.The One
true God is a reflection of the unique concept that Islam associates
with God. To a Muslim, Allah is the Almighty Creator and Sustainer of
the universe, Who is similar to nothing, and nothing is comparable to
Him. The Prophet Muhammad was asked by his contemporaries about Allah;
the answer came directly from God Himself in the form of a short
chapter of the Qur'an, which is considered to be the essence of the
unity or the motto of monotheism. This is chapter 112, which reads:"
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Say (O
Muhammad), He is God, the One God, the Everlasting Refuge, who has not
begotten, nor has been begotten, and equal to Him is not anyone".Some
non-Muslims allege that God in Islam is a stern and cruel God who
demands to be obeyed fully and is not loving and kind. Nothing could
be farther from the truth than this allegation. It is enough to know
that, with the exception of one, each of the 114 chapters of the
Qur'an begins with the verse " In the name of God, the Merciful, the
Compassionate". In one of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), we
are told that " God is more loving and kind than a mother to her dear
child".On the other hand, God is also Just. Hence, evildoers and
sinners must have their share of punishment, and the virtuous must
have God's bounties and favors. Actually, God's attribute of Mercy has
full manifestation in His attribute of Justice. People suffering
throughout their lives for His sake should not receive similar
treatment from their Lord as people who oppress and exploit others
their whole lives. Expecting similar treatment for them would amount
to negating the very belief in the accountability of man in the
Hereafter and thereby negate all the incentives for a moral and
virtuous life in this world. The following Qur'anic verses are very
clear and straightforward in this respect.
Verily, for the Righteous are gardens of Delight, in the Presence of
their Lord. Shall We then treat the people of Faith like the people of
Sin? What is the matter with you? How judge you?
Islam rejects characterizing God in any human form or depicting Him as
favoring certain individuals or nations on the basis of wealth, power
or race. He created the human-beings as equals. They may distinguish
themselves and get His favor through virtue and piety only.
The concepts that God rested on the seventh day of creation, that God
wrestled with one of His soldiers, that God is an envious plotter
against mankind, and that God is incarnate in any human being are
considered blasphemy from the Islamic point of view.
The unique usage of Allah as a personal name of God is a reflection of
Islam's emphasis on the purity of the belief in God that is the
essence of the message of all God's messengers. Because of this, Islam
considers associating any deity or personality with God as a deadly
sin that God will never forgive, despite the fact that He may forgive
all other sins.
The Creator must be of a different nature from the things created
because if He is of the same nature as they are, He will be temporal
and will therefore need a maker. It follows that nothing is like Him.
If the maker is not temporal, then he must be eternal. But if he is
eternal, he cannot be caused, and if nothing caused Him to come into
existence, nothing outside Him causes Him to continue to exist, which
means that he must be self-sufficient. And if He does not depend on
anything for the continuance of His own existence, then this existence
can have no end. The Creator is therefore eternal and everlasting: "He
is the First and the Last".
He is Self-sufficient or Self-subsistent, or, to use a Qur'anic term,
Al-Qayyum The Creator does not create only in the sense of bringing
things into being, He. also preserves them and takes them out of
existence and is the ultimate cause of whatever happens to them.
" God is the Creator of everything. He is the guardian over
everything. Unto Him belong the keys of the heavens and the
earth" (39:62-63).
" No creature is there crawling on the earth, but its provision rests
on God. He knows its lodging place and its repository" (11:16).
God's Attributes
If the Creator is Eternal and Everlasting, then His attributes must
also be eternal and everlasting. He should not lose any of His
attributes nor acquire new ones. If this is so, then his attributes
are absolute. Can there be more than one Creator with such absolute
attributes? Can there be, for example, two absolutely powerful
Creators? A moment's thought shows that this is not feasible.
The Qur'an summarizes this argument in the following verses:" God has
not taken to Himself any son, nor is there any god with Him: for then
each god would have taken of that which he created and some of them
would have risen up over others" (23:91).
" And why, were there gods in earth and heaven other than God, they
(heaven and earth) would surely go to ruin" (21:22).
The Oneness of God
The Qur'an reminds us of the falsity of all alleged gods. To the
worshippers of man-made objects it asks:" Do you worship what you have
carved yourself" (37:95). " Or have you taken unto yourself others
beside Him to be your protectors, even such as have no power either
for good or for harm to themselves" (13:16).
To the worshippers of heavenly bodies it cites the story of Abraham:"
When night outspread over him, he saw a star and said: This is my
Lord. But when it set, he said: I love not the setters. When he saw
the moon rising, he said: This is my Lord. But when it set, he said:
If my Lord does not guide me, I shall surely be of the people gone
astray. When he saw the sun rising, he said: This is my Lord; this is
greater. But when it set, he said: O my people, surely I quit that
which you associate, I have turned my face to Him who originated the
heavens and the earth; a man of pure faith, I am not one of the
idolators" (6:76-79).
The Believer's Attitude
In order to be a Muslim, that is, to surrender oneself to God, it is
necessary to believe in the oneness of God, in the sense of His being
the only Creator, Preserver, Nourisher, etc. But this belief, later
called Tawhid Ar-Rububiyyah, is not enough. Many of the idolators knew
and believed that only the Supreme God could do all this. But this was
not enough to make them Muslims. To tawhid ar-rububiyyah, one must add
tawhid al-'uluhiyyah. That is, one acknowledges the fact that it is
God alone who deserves to be worshipped, and thus abstains from
worshipping any other thing or being.
Having achieved this knowledge of the one true God, man should
constantly have faith in Him, and should allow nothing to induce him
to deny truth.
When faith enters a person's heart, it causes certain mental states
that result in certain actions. Taken together, these mental states
and actions are the proof for the true faith. The Prophet said:" Faith
is that which resides firmly in the heart and which is proved by
deeds".
Foremost among those mental stated is the feeling of gratitude towards
God, which could be said to be the essence of ibada (worship).
The feeling of gratitude is so important that a non-believer is called
'kafir', which means 'one who denies a truth' and also 'one who is
ungrateful'.
A believer loves, and is grateful to God for the bounties He bestowed
upon him, but being aware of the fact that his good deeds, whether
mental or physical, are far from being commensurate with Divine
favors, he is always anxious lest God should punish him, here or in
the Hereafter. He, therefore, fears Him, surrenders himself to Him and
serves Him with great humility. One cannot be in such a mental state
without being almost all the time mindful of God. Remembering God is
thus the life force of faith, without which it fades and withers
away.
The Qur'an tries to promote this feeling of gratitude by repeating the
attributes of God very frequently. We find most of these attributes
mentioned together in the following verses of the Qur'an:" He is God;
there is no god but He. He is the Knower of the unseen and the
visible; He is the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. He is God;
there is no god but He. He is the King, the All-Holy, the All-Peace,
the Guardian of the Faith, the All-Preserver, the All-Mighty, the All-
Compeller, the All-Sublime. Glory be to God, above that they
associate! He is God, the Creator, the Maker, the Shaper. To Him
belong the Names Most Beautiful. All that is in the heavens and the
earth magnifies Him; He is the Almighty, the All-Wise" (59:22-24).
" There is no god but He, the Living, the Everlasting. Slumber seizes
Him not, nor sleep. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and the
earth. Who is there that shall intercede with Him save by His leave?
He knows what lies before them, and what is after them, and they
comprehend not anything of His knowledge save such as He wills. His
throne comprises the heavens and earth. The preserving of them
oppresses Him not; He is the All-High, the All-Glorious" (2:255).
People of the Book, go not beyond the bounds in your religion, and say
not as to God but the truth.
" The Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was only the Messenger of God, and
His Word that He committed to Mary, and a Spirit from Him. So believe
in God and His Messengers, and say not "Three". Refrain; better it is
for you. God is only one God. Glory be to Him -- (He is) ...

read more

What about Mad Moe the Pedo

 

[Donna Ohl, Grady Voluntee]

On Mon, 18 Feb 2008 14:40:50 -0500, Stormin Mormon wrote:

Why did you remove the anode of the old heater? Just curious?

Better than curious.
I wanted to learn if the anode was corroded in which case it was a
diagnostic tool as to what caused the failure of the prior tank.

By the way, I found some requirements for the installation of the pressure
relief valve plumbing ... which must "not terminate more than 6 inches (152
mm) above the floor". Darn. Now we need to horizontalize it, creating the
chance of clog causing further danger to occupants!

Donna

http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/4101:3-5-01

504.6 Requirements for discharge piping. The discharge piping serving a
pressure relief valve, temperature relief valve or combination thereof
shall:
1. Not be directly connected to the drainage system.
2. Discharge through an air gap located in the same room as the water
heater.
3. Not be smaller than the diameter of the outlet of the valve served and
shall discharge full size to the air gap.
4. Serve a single relief device and shall not connect to piping serving any
other relief device or equipment.
5. Discharge to the floor, to an indirect waste receptor or to the
outdoors. Where discharging to the outdoors in areas subject to freezing,
discharge piping shall be first piped to an indirect waste receptor through
an air gap located in a conditioned area.
6. Discharge in a manner that does not cause personal injury or structural
damage.
7. Discharge to a termination point that is readily observable by the
building occupants.
8. Not be trapped.
9. Be installed so as to flow by gravity.
10. Not terminate more than 6 inches (152 mm) above the floor or waste
receptor.
11. Not have a threaded connection at the end of such piping.
12. Not have valves or tee fittings.