Chip with simple program for Toy

[Mika Lindblad]

On 2008-07-09, RobZ <robert.zeilinga@standardbank.co.za> wrote:

When I was installing a new hifi amplifier last night, I realised i
was being lightly shocked each time i touched the amplifier case while
I was lying on the floor trying to re-route some of the speaker cables
behind the cabinet.
The shock is definatly between the Amplifier case and the floor. ( no
frayed wires - new installation)

What devices did you have connected to the amplifier? Were they properly
grounded?

 

[Phil Allison]

"Paul E. Schoen"

** Never assume folk have LT Spice available or the ability to use it.

Why not? It's free! And fairly easy. But I'd like a version that actually
shows components smoking or blowing up (with appropriate sound effects)
when they are overloaded.

** ROTFL !

Have to agree with that one - as I has mused over the same idea myself.

Be far more entertaining and instructive than boring old numbers.

Maybe it could keep score of the $ value of the damage too !!




..... Phil

 

[Phil Allison]

"whit3rd"
Phil Allison


None of the information given is useful in making a determination on
this issue. Phil is telling you that the AC rating is for 1.67A RMS,
which amounts to 2.3A peak, but that your rectifier will only conduct
for a fraction of the duty cycle, so the 1.67A average output of the
supply is all delivered in very short time intervals (when the transformer
output exceeds the capacitor charge plus the diode forward drop).

** True enough.

The rectifier current could be 18A repeating peaks

** No way.

The ratio of average DC output current to AC current cap charging peaks is
more like 2 or 3 to 1 in practice.

The ratings for rectifier transformers are different than those
for AC transformers.

** No true at all.

AC supply transformers are NOT made in two versions - one for AC and one
for rectifier input.

Though ones with low leakage inductance ( like toroidals) work the best with
rectifier / capacitor loads.



...... Phil

 

[Bob Masta]

On Thu, 10 Jul 2008 05:52:53 +0100, Eeyore
<rabbitsfriendsandrelations@hotmail.com> wrote:

"Chungho@zongazonga.zip" wrote:

hi all, perhaps slightly off-topic but you guys have been of great
help to me in the past

When I was installing a new hifi amplifier last night, I realised i
was being lightly shocked each time i touched the amplifier case while
I was lying on the floor trying to re-route some of the speaker cables
behind the cabinet.

The shock is definatly between the Amplifier case and the floor. ( no
frayed wires - new installation)
the amplifier is supplied by a 2 wire AC cord ( no earth )
what is causing this?
is this dangerous?

Can I add my own earth wire ( joined to the case, to the AC socket
Earth Plug) ? will this help?

Sounds like either your receptical is wired incorrectly or your
amp doesn't have a polarized plug and is plugged in reversed or
you have a problem inside your amp (system)....

The tingle you feel is because you aren't fully grounded yourself
as you are lying on the floor.. you are partially insulated.. But,
yes, this dangerous.. If you were to grab something that is
plugged in properly... You will complete the circuit causing a
severe shock... as it is likely that the case of something else
will/may be fully grounded.

This can also cause damage to your system if you connect one
item to a properly wired socket and another item in a socket that is
reversed. At minimum... you'll see sparks.

Inspect your wall sockets. The small blade is HOT and the large
blade is neutral/Ground (For US of course). Use a meter to measure
voltage in the socket. You should only get 120 (+ or - a few volts) ONLY if
the small blade is connected to one of your test leads. Otherwise the
socket is NOT wired correctly. Radio Shack used to sell three light
outlet testers.. (Basically three neon bulbs connected to the outlet blades
delta style...) not sure if they still do.... But try them out if your have
one near you...

Sorry, PURE NONSENSE.

I have seen tiny sparks in low light, interconnecting pieces of IT equipment.
ALL PERFECTLY LEGAL.

Maybe this can happen on perfectly legal systems, but the prudent
thing to do would be to check the receptacle first... there can be
some pretty strange wiring out there!

Many years ago, I was using a standard (back then) grounded-case
electric drill near an I-beam in my basement and got sparks. After
much exploratory surgery I finally found the problem: Some prior
owner had added a string of outlets while finishing the basement. He
had connected the run to a run from the mains, at a small junction box
in the ceiling. He had *reversed* the connections there (white to
black, black to white), and *cut off the grounds* !!! And then, to
make life even more interesting, he had drywalled over the junction
box area so everything looked normal. DUH!

Best regards,


Bob Masta

DAQARTA v4.00
Data AcQuisition And Real-Time Analysis
www.daqarta.com
Scope, Spectrum, Spectrogram, Sound Level Meter
FREE Signal Generator
Science with your sound card!

 

[Paul E. Schoen]

"whit3rd" <whit3rd@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:7869a34d-5d49-4554-8829-94d770aa0a71@c58g2000hsc.googlegroups.com...
On Jul 9, 10:25 pm, emailaddr...@insightbb.com wrote:

On Jul 9, 10:57 pm, "Phil Allison" <philalli...@tpg.com.au> wrote:

emailaddr...@insightbb.com
"Phil Allison"
** This is your error.
The 1.67 amp ( ie 20VA) rating of the transformer is only for AC
output -
not some derived DC voltage.

Ok, but I'm not asking what it's not, I'm asking what it is.

None of the information given is useful in making a determination on
this issue. Phil is telling you that the AC
rating is for 1.67A RMS, which amounts to 2.3A peak, but
that your rectifier will only conduct for a fraction of the duty
cycle, so
the 1.67A average output of the supply is all delivered in very
short time intervals (when the transformer output exceeds
the capacitor charge plus the diode forward drop). The
rectifier current could be 18A repeating peaks (even though
the average is lower), because the rectifier is almost always
turned off.

18A can melt the copper windings.

The only way copper windings could melt is if those 18 amp peaks lasted a
lot longer than one cycle. It is all related to temperature, which is
related to power and energy, and generally fusing current is given by I^t.
It also depends on how quickly the heat can get out of the hottest spot in
the windings and be dissipated by conduction, convection, and radiation.
Best bet is to put a thermistor in the deepest part of the windings and
plot temp vs time at the worst case conditions, and see if the maximum
temperature gets close to the rating of the insulation (usually about 130
C), but 90 C is safer. Another way to measure the temperature is by
measuring the winding resistance change after it has stabilized. The tempco
of copper is about 0.4% / Deg C. So a 40% increase in winding resistance is
just about your maximum.

For transformers, it is all about RMS current, and duty cycle. A
transformer rated at 1.67 amps RMS will handle 2.3 amps RMS for
intermittent duty, with 50% duty cycle, with ON times no longer than 10-20
minutes or so. It will also handle overloads of 2x for 25%, and even 10x
for 1% duty cycle, with ON times of a few cycles. We "abuse" the trannies
in our circuit breaker test sets in this way all the time. The outputs are
essentially short-circuits (several hundred microhms of breaker and
connections), and we adjust the input to get the current needed to trip the
breaker. We sometimes need 40,000 amperes to trip a 4000 amp breaker (in
onee or two cycles), and the tranny is rated at 4000 amps continuous.

Solid state devices, like the diodes in this circuit (and the SCRs we use
to control our test sets) have a sharper derating curve, and are based more
on I^t, so a 500 amp SCR or diode will usually be limited to maybe 3x its
rating before it reaches the area where the ON time is very short, as it is
for capacitive charging peaks.

In the simulation I did, with Schottkys and 2200 uF, the peak rectifier
current is 3.8 amps. Even with 22,000 uF it is not quite 4 amps. Lowering
the internal resistance of the source to 0.4 ohms makes these peaks about 5
amps. Phil is correct on this as well.

Paul

 

[ian field]

"saurabh9" <saurabh9@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:00892b8e-8d9d-4377-8209-e6bcffc371af@e53g2000hsa.googlegroups.com...

Hi,
Please have a look at the circuit at:
http://www.glacialwanderer.com/_blog/blog2008/04_April/hb_relay5.jpg.
It is from the article at
http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics/?p=9.

The circuit it to turn on or off a AC bulb by a microcontroller. My
question is, can we somehow safely add a manual override switch near
the bulb, so that even if the microprocessor is not working, we can
turn the switch on/off manually? If yes, how will the circuit then
look like?
Sorry if this is a simple question as I am just starting in
electronics and electrical circuits.

It can be done the same way as a normal 2 way lightswitch.

You need a single pole changeover relay unit controlled by the micro, the
common contact is fed by supply and the 2 other contacts feed a pair of
wires between the relay and your manual switch. The manual switch of course
picks off whichever of the 2 wires happens to be live to turn on the light -
the manual switch is of course also a single pole changeover with the common
terminal to the lamp.

 

[Ben Jackson]

On 2008-07-10, sodaant@gmail.com <sodaant@gmail.com> wrote:

Is a Metcal MX-500 a reasonable choice for these applications? I know
it's more expensive than other stations, but I've heard good things
about it.

Every Metcal I've used (including the MX-500) has been far and away better
than every other solder station I've used. On the other hand, for about
1/10th as much you can get a perfectly acceptable station (including the
Xytronic 379 someone mentioned in another post).

If I were going to upgrade I'd probably spend the money on a stereo
magnifier first, and then the Metcal.

--
Ben Jackson AD7GD
<ben@ben.com>
http://www.ben.com/

 

[Dan Coby]

"Jasen Betts" <jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote in message news:g54pbg$435$6@gonzo...

On 2008-07-01, Dan Coby <adcoby@earthlink.net> wrote:

I would like to point out that the single supply schematic has a 2200 uF
capacitor in series with the output speaker. In theory, with an ideal
capacitor, this is going to give an 18 Hz cutoff frequency into a 4 ohm
speaker (36 Hz into 8 ohms). A real capacitor will have some internal
resistance. This is going to give a higher cutoff frequency.

Higher? I would have thunk lower.

Yes. My mistake, the series resistance of the capacitor is going to move the
break frequency lower. However the series resistance of the capacitor is going
to cut the overall gain of the circuit since it will form a voltage divider with the
speaker impedance.

 

[john jardine]

"Eeyore" <rabbitsfriendsandrelations@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:48759435.FF994C76@hotmail.com...

RobZ wrote:

hi all, perhaps slightly off-topic but you guys have been of great
help to me in the past

When I was installing a new hifi amplifier last night, I realised i
was being lightly shocked each time i touched the amplifier case while
I was lying on the floor trying to re-route some of the speaker cables
behind the cabinet.

The shock is definatly between the Amplifier case and the floor. ( no
frayed wires - new installation)

the amplifier is supplied by a 2 wire AC cord ( no earth )

what is causing this?

A switched-mode power supply almost without doubt. I imagine the amp is
compact and lighweight for its power rating.


is this dangerous?

As long as it's been designed to IEC standards, no. It's called 'leakage
current' and has allowable limits that will cause you no harm.


Can I add my own earth wire ( joined to the case, to the AC socket
Earth Plug) ? will this help?

If the amp has a dedicated ground terminal do feel free to add a
*sepearate* 'earth wire' tot his. Otherwise don't tinker with the mains
witing AT ALL.

Graham


I'll second a leaky SMPS.

My 2amp SMPS 12V wall wart (double insulated) gave me a belt the other
night. Turns out there's 90Vac riding on the 12V connector. The bastard took
out an expensive bit of kit. Whole point of the bloody thing is to provide
galvanic isolation.
Never ever, had any trouble with cheap tat 50Hz transformer versions and
that's what I'm going back to.
I've had enough of EMI, noise, low level oscillations, expense, complexity
and unreliability. Sod the SM technology

 

[Phil Allison]

"Peter Bennett"

Go to http://www.hammondmfg.com/5cpwr.htm and download their Power
Transformer Selection Guide - it is a one page .pdf that shows various
circuit configurations and resulting voltage/current relations.

** There is an *unfortunate error* in several of the circuits shown, all the
ones where a cap is the filter.

The figure for " V (Avg) D.C. " is given as 64 % of " V (Peak) D.C " -
which is complete bollocks !!!

That is only the case where there is NO filter cap used.

With suitable filter cap values, the average and peak DC voltages can be a
close as you like.



...... Phil

 

[Phil Allison]

<emailaddress@insightbb.com>
"Phil Allison"

Phil, isn't this a bit of irony since I clearly asked for something
specific

** And impossible.

Apparently not, because plenty of products out there use wall warts,
are you suggesting they all have to build prototypes for even a simple
AC-DC wall wart?

** They do exactly that.

But they also use computer models ( produced in house) to create new
designs PLUS use all their accumulated knowledge from all their previous
ones.

Such custom engineered transformers are NOT available as off the shelf
items from the usual dealers.

You gave a figure of 0.5 to 0.7 times the rating but
clearly darn near every wart here (quite a big box full) don't adhere
to this,

** Complete bollocks !!

No wall wart tranny has its VA rating supplied to the user - so YOU are
BULLSHITTING !!!

All wall wart trannies run comfortably within safe temp limits - so the
(unknown) VA rating is not being exceeded.

Nearly all wall wart trannys have INTERNAL thermal fuse protection in case
of overload - a must for them to pass compulsory safety regulation in most
countries. So it they are even slightly overloaded for too long - they go
dead and do not become a hazard to users.

they're all using transformers smaller than your suggestion
would imply

** Nonsense.

I flushed the rest of your spew inducing, puerile verbal diarrhoea where it
belongs.

Go drop dead

- you VILE nascissticic prick .



....... Phil

 

[starfire]

"Kasterborus" <kasterborus@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:c248fc05-fd0e-4a0f-8f29-d3b9a70c7f01@e53g2000hsa.googlegroups.com...

Hi, I've been trying to calculate "standard" values that would make me
a 555 R1/R2/C1 square wave oscillator with a 50% duty cycle operating
at close to 30Hz.

Can someone assist? My numbers come out with "odd" component values.

I need a 30Hz and 60Hz oscillator eventually.
Ideally a variable oscillator that could be set to 30 or 60 would be
ideal.

Thanks,
Dave

Hi Dave -

A couple of things...

First of all, what kind of accuracy are you going to need at 30Hz or 60Hz?
Second of all, there are variations no only in initial value precision with
resistors and capacitors (even "precision" components") that vary with
temperature, etc, so it may not be possible to get the precision you need
with a standard 555, even a CMOS version. You may want to consider using an
oscillator at a higher frequency and dividing it down.
Third thing... to get a square wave (even cycles of high and low), just use
an oscillator at twice the frequency and divide it by two with a flip-flop
(a toggle flip-flop).

Good luck.

Dave

 

[BobW]

"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:VJ6dnY117eeOW-rVnZ2dnUVZ8uCdnZ2d@posted.plusnet...

Hi,

Would this work where the source is of lower impedance than what the pbx
expects?

Thanks.

What is the connection? Is it 2WEM, 4WEM, POTS? What's the loop length?

If it's a short loop, and you get the levels correct, it shouldn't matter.

Bob
--
== All google group posts are automatically deleted due to spam ==

 

[BobW]

"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:_PudnbAHKppwU-rVnZ2dnUVZ8q2dnZ2d@posted.plusnet...

BobW wrote:
"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:VJ6dnY117eeOW-rVnZ2dnUVZ8uCdnZ2d@posted.plusnet...
Hi,

Would this work where the source is of lower impedance than what the pbx
expects?

Thanks.

What is the connection? Is it 2WEM, 4WEM, POTS? What's the loop length?

If it's a short loop, and you get the levels correct, it shouldn't
matter.

Bob

It's just a bog standard headphone connector/cable, the sort you'd plug
into a mp3 player etc.

"600ohms" refers to the characteristic impedance of a twisted pair of
standard telephony wire at audio frequencies. It doesn't sound like you're
interfacing directly with a twisted pair circuit, so its characteristic
impedance doesn't apply to what you're doing.

If you can provide some more details then we can help you make the right
decision.

Bob
--
== All google group posts are automatically deleted due to spam ==

 

[BobW]

"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:4-udnSxVrYKAd-rVnZ2dnUVZ8v3inZ2d@posted.plusnet...

BobW wrote:
"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:_PudnbAHKppwU-rVnZ2dnUVZ8q2dnZ2d@posted.plusnet...
BobW wrote:
"Gavin Henry" <ghenry@ghenry.co.uk> wrote in message
news:VJ6dnY117eeOW-rVnZ2dnUVZ8uCdnZ2d@posted.plusnet...
Hi,

Would this work where the source is of lower impedance than what the
pbx expects?

Thanks.
What is the connection? Is it 2WEM, 4WEM, POTS? What's the loop length?

If it's a short loop, and you get the levels correct, it shouldn't
matter.

Bob
It's just a bog standard headphone connector/cable, the sort you'd plug
into a mp3 player etc.

"600ohms" refers to the characteristic impedance of a twisted pair of
standard telephony wire at audio frequencies. It doesn't sound like
you're interfacing directly with a twisted pair circuit, so its
characteristic impedance doesn't apply to what you're doing.

If you can provide some more details then we can help you make the right
decision.

Bob

Hi,

Thanks. On proprietry PBX and some Open Source ones, they can either serve
up music for when a call is on hold from local storage or an external
source. Most PBXes can take input sources in the range of
600 Ohm to 20K.

The appliance I am looking at is:

http://www.pikatechnologies.com/english/View.asp?x=608

and its audio chip is:

http://www.asahi-kasei.co.jp/akm/en/product/ak2306lv/ak2306lv.html

The appliance states an output impedance of 100 Ohm:

http://outgoingftp.pikatech.com/appliance/1.0/Docs/html/hardware_appliance/frames.html?frmname=topic&frmfile=index.html

But the chip can be set to provide different outputs.

Thanks.

Gavin,

Thanks for the additional info. I'm not sure what your whole hookup is, but
if this Pika device is the source for the music-on-hold signal then its
output impedance is fine for driving your PBX. Even if the PBX says it takes
"input sources in the range of 600-20Kohms", in reality, it will work with a
source of ANY output impedance as long as you get the levels correct.

I'd say just hook it up, get the levels right, and then go out and have some
fun.

Bob
--
== All google group posts are automatically deleted due to spam ==

 

[amdx]

"Bill Bowden" <wrongaddress@att.net> wrote in message
news:f0885697-6c81-4c90-835e-5817c55e30ff@d77g2000hsb.googlegroups.com...

What is the best way to measure unloaded Q of a tuned LC circuit (AM
loop Antenna) without a Q meter?

I tried a scope and generator and loosly coupled the generator to the
loop, using a single turn of wire and 50 ohm resistor, and monitored
amplitude against frequency, but I get different results depending on
the setup. The scope probe is 10X. The frequency of interest is 500KHz
to 2 MHz.

How can I accurately measure the Q of the circuit without a Q meter?

-Bill
You say unloaded, so you need to get a setup that is stable and away from

anything that will cause losses. Get your signal loop as far away from the
AM loop as possible, but close enough to couple in a signal large enough to
see on the scope.
I often put a resistor in series with the scope probe it help isolate the
15pf of scope capacitance. 100k should work.
It has been a while since I've done this work, but I think I used a couple
of clip leads
as a dipole on the end of my signal generator cable. See which gives you the
most signal, loop or dipole.
I like to peak the signal on the scope at 7 units, by adjusting the output
level of the sig gen. Then move the frequency until you have 5 units (the
3db point) then go back the other way to 5 units (the other 3 db point). The
math, .707 x 7units = 4.949units
This is 5 units to my eye.
Hope I explained that ok, I have a writeup, but it's on a different
computer I don't have access to.
Mike

 

[starfire]

"John Larkin" <jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote in message
news:3tlf74tlds3t6q5hg86rn5a6ffkq4ekl5n@4ax.com...

On Fri, 11 Jul 2008 08:16:36 -0700 (PDT), BobG <bobgardner@aol.com
wrote:

Tecate sells the Maxwell Boostcaps that are the size of a D-cell,
2.7V, 350 Farads. Its takes several minutes to charge one up on the
lab supply supplying 2.5V 3A. Several 1000 watt-sec.

You're not going to get more power out, on average, than you put in.
Drills use a lot of power, so if a 2-minute charge yields 2 minutes of
drilling, it's going to be a *big* charger.

Batteries aren't as efficient as caps (joules inut) but batteries
tend to run constant-voltage during use. Caps lose voltage linearly,
so will need downstream electronic switching regulators to keep up the
load as they discharge.

John

You're absolutely right, John. A couple of minor points, though...

Caps lose voltage exponentially, not linearly. That's one of the downsides
of using them as battery replacements.

We've been using supercaps as intermittent storage devices and they have
their good sides and bad sides. No matter what the size of the cap, if the
load is fairly low, the dissipation of energy through the load happens very
quickly. Since E = 1/2 C * V^2 (energy = 1/2 * capacitance * voltage
squared), if a 4F cap is charged to 5VDC, it has an initial energy value of
50J. When connected to a load R, in one RC time constant of time, the
energy has dropped to 6.8J or roughly 86% of the total initial energy is
dissipated in the first RC time constant.

Another downside of using supercaps... their intrinsic voltage rating is
usually very low, typically around 2.5VDC to 2.7VDC. To get any sizeable
voltage rating (for instance 100VDC) you need a LOT of caps in series, which
significantly drops the capacitance value. Even the caps rated at 5.0VDC or
5.5VDC are typically made up of a set of the lower voltage-rated caps.

What we really need is a 200F, 100VDC-rated cap the size of an 0805
surface-mount device

Dave

 

[Bob Masta]

On Fri, 11 Jul 2008 10:14:48 -0700 (PDT), Kasterborus
<kasterborus@yahoo.com> wrote:

I wanted to make a Dalek voicebox.
Modifying the signal is the desired effect.

I've seen a lot of circuite out there for voice modulators, but no-one
really explains how they work.
I was looking to build one from the ground up and grasp what was going
on.

What you need is "4 quadrant multiplier". Ring modulators were used
to perform this function in early synths because they were (back then)
cheaper than the multiplier chips. They didn't typically use a
transformer in synths, as far as I can tell. Transformers and diodes
are still used at RF frequencies today, but for audio I suspect that
there are better/cheaper multiplier chips.

The explanation for how it works is based upon the old high-school
formula for the product of 2 sines. Considered as sine wave
frequencies, what happens is that the output of the multiplier
includes only frequencies that are the sum and difference of the
original input frequencies, not those input frequencies themselves.
When the input is a voice or anything else that contains multiple
frequencies, you use the same formula but just consider the
frequencies one at a time, times the modulator frequency.

The net result is that if the modulator frequency is (say) 60 Hz,
and your voice contains frequencies of (say) 400, 500, and 600 Hz, the
output will contain 400+/-60, 500+/-60, and 600+/-60 Hz.

Note that if you are only interested in this as an effect, you may be
happy with a much simpler solution. A ring modulator can be regarded
as multiplying the signal by a square wave, which has its own spectrum
of odd harmonics. So each input frequency produces the sum and
difference not only of the modulator fundamental, but with each
harmonic as well. Using the example above, the modulator would have
frequencies of 60, 180, 300, 420, etc. A 400 Hz input frequency would
thus give 400+/-60, 400+/-180, 400+/-300, 400+/-420, etc. (Yep, that
last gives -20 Hz, which reflects off of zero to make +20 Hz.)

Anyway, if you just want to multiply by a square wave (+/-1) you just
need a circuit that can switch between inverting and non-inverting.
This is much easier than diodes and transformers. The signal feeds
both inputs of what looks like a standard differentiual amplifier.
However, the resistor that normally goes between the op-amp + input
and ground is replaced with an analog switch that you drive at the
modulator rate. When the switch is closed, the overall circuit is a
simple inverter. When it is open, the positive path has a gain of +2
and the inverter is of course -1, so you get an overall gain of +1.

SHAMELESS PLUG: You can use the FREE signal generator in my Daqarta
software to mess around with this, and compare sine wave and square
wave multiplication. You can not only hear the results, you can see
the waveform, spectrum, or color spectrogram at the same time.

You record a test signal (your voice) and play it back as the
generator output signal using the Waveform Controls - Wave - Play
option. (But see below.) It will loop on the overall recording by
default, with adjustable start and end points. You can use any
existing WAV recording, or record your own with Daqarta's Input -
DDisk option.

(Note that after Daqarta's 30-day/30-session trial period, you can no
longer use it to make recordings, but most everything else continues
to work forever, and you are welcome to use it that way as long as you
like. You can always use WAV files recorded elsewhere.)

Make sure the main Freq control is set to 1.00, so your recording will
be played at normal speed.

Now, go to Waveform Controls - AM and set the Depth to 200%, and set
the AM modulator frequency to 60 or whatever you choose. That turns
the AM modulator into a true 4-quadrant multiplier, so you can hear
what an ideal multiplier would sound like.

The default AM modulator is a sine wave, but you can use any other
wave instead, including a square wave, by selecting a different Mod
Source. Daqarta can actually generate 4 separate "streams" per R/L
output channel, which normally wold be summed together. But you can
instead elect to use a stream as a modulator source for another
stream, instead of sending it to the output. However, a stream can
only modulate higher-numbered streams. So in this case you would need
to have the original voice recording on Stream 1 or above, instead of
the default Stream 0. Just click the [1] radio button at the top of
the Waveform Controls dialog before you go to Wave - Play.

Now go back and set the stream to [0] and go to Wave - Square or
whatever waveform you want. Then back to stream [1] and set the AM
Source to 0 and you will hear/see the results of that square wave
times the voice signal.

Let me know if you have any questions. Enjoy!

Best regards,


Bob Masta

DAQARTA v4.00
Data AcQuisition And Real-Time Analysis
www.daqarta.com
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[Phil Allison]

<emailaddress@insightbb.com>

Why can't you just used the raw unfiltered DC and current limit the
input to the battery?

I am not designing a charging circuit.


** You are NOT designing ANYTHING AT ALL

YOU STINKING CRIMINAL LIAR !!!!!!!!!!


FOAD - you anonymous pile of shit.





...... Phil

 

[starfire]

"Jasen Betts" <jasen@xnet.co.nz> wrote in message news:g5a7fi$7on$1@gonzo...

On 2008-07-12, starfire <starfire151@cableone.net> wrote:

What we really need is a 200F, 100VDC-rated cap the size of an 0805
surface-mount device

Someting like that would be dynamite!

Infact, better than dynamite.
Dynamite only manages an energy density of 4300J/g at about 0.002g each,
mass for mass your (dream) caps would pack 1000 times the punch when fully
charged.



Bye.
Jasen

Don't you watch Star Trek? ...I'm only asking for the power source in a
phaser!

Dave