signal generator output

On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 12:47:06 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

"John Larkin is a TOTALLY INSANE autistic pig.


** Fraid he has been that way since birth.





.... Phil
Too scared to try it?

John
 
"John Larkin is a LYING CUNT "
Chicken! Try it.

** Done it many times.

FFS look up the matter on the net

- you FUCKING RAVING NUT CASE !!!



.... Phil
 
On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 13:39:35 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

"John Larkin is a LYING CUNT "

Chicken! Try it.


** Done it many times.
Then you did it wrong.

John
 
"John Larkin is a NUTCASE LYING CUNT "



** FFS look up the matter on the net

- you FUCKING RAVING NUT CASE !!!



.... Phil
 
On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 16:50:46 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

"John Larkin is a NUTCASE LYING CUNT "



** FFS look up the matter on the net

- you FUCKING RAVING NUT CASE !!!



... Phil
You can't google "source termination" ?

Or try it?

John
 
John Larkin is a TOTALLY INSANE autistic pig.


** Fraid he has been that way since birth.





..... Phil
 
On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 17:02:42 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

John Larkin is a TOTALLY INSANE autistic pig.


** Fraid he has been that way since birth.





.... Phil

Cursing and shrieking won't help you understand transmission lines.
Quite the opposite.

John
 
On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 06:04:29 -0500, JW <none@dev.null> wrote:

On Thu, 09 Dec 2010 20:11:18 -0600 entropy4269@yahoo.com wrote in Message
id: <cj23g61a5u47t2785nfl53rnd08ndere4v@4ax.com>:

OK, this is real basic but I'm not getting it. I hooked up my HP
8657A signal gerator into my TDS 210 oscope with RG 58a/u ,which is 50
ohm to match my input and output. The trouble is , the voltage
readings on my scope do not match my output readings on the signal
generator., sometimes off by a factor of 3 to 4. The scope is set for
1X probe . Why the hugh mismatch? thanks jk

Since the TDS210 scope does not have 50 ohm input coupling (As many scopes
do) the voltage will be double what is expected.
Right. The end of the coax looks like a 50 ohm source, so a 50 ohm
load will form a simple voltage divider with gain of 0.5.

The frequency response is the same either way, flat until the scope
capacitance or the scope bandwidth starts to roll it off.

RF signal generators are usually spec'd/calibrated to deliver some
voltage or power into a 50 ohm load. Function generators are usually
spec'd/calibrated to deliver some voltage into an open circuit. The
difference is 2:1 voltage.

As Phil said, get a 50
ohm terminator to properly view the output. If you're not too concerned
with signal integrity, you can solder a 50 ohm resistor across a coax T
connector.
The waveform will be the same, just different amplitude.

John
 
John Larkin is a TOTALLY INSANE autistic pig.


** Fraid he has been that way since birth.

The sooner the pig dies the better.



..... Phil
 
"Jamie" = Maynard A. Philbrook

Radio ham: KA1LPA

Maynard is a grossly autistic mental retard.

Maynard is a fucking troll too.




..... Phil
 
John Larkin wrote:

On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 17:02:42 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au
wrote:


John Larkin is a TOTALLY INSANE autistic pig.


** Fraid he has been that way since birth.





.... Phil




Cursing and shrieking won't help you understand transmission lines.
Quite the opposite.

John

No, but its part of the job when things are not going right!

;)
 
Phil Allison wrote:

"Jamie" = Maynard A. Philbrook

Radio ham: KA1LPA

Maynard is a grossly autistic mental retard.

Maynard is a fucking troll too.




.... Phil





What's the matter Phil? Haven't had a friend to
take care of you lately ?

I say friend because I don't know if you have a fetish
for girls of guys!

Being from down under, you may prefer kangaroo,
that sure would make it seem you got a real work out!


Jamie..
 
"Jamie" = Maynard A. Philbrook

Radio ham: KA1LPA

Maynard is a grossly autistic mental retard.

Maynard is a fucking troll too.

Maynard is fucking arsehole.




..... Phil
 
On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 17:02:42 -0800, John Larkin
<jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 18:32:22 -0600, John Fields
jfields@austininstruments.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 09:05:41 -0800, John Larkin
jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 13:28:24 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au
wrote:


entropy4269@yahoo.com
OK, this is real basic but I'm not getting it. I hooked up my HP
8657A signal gerator into my TDS 210 oscope with RG 58a/u ,which is 50
ohm to match my input and output. The trouble is , the voltage
readings on my scope do not match my output readings on the signal
generator., sometimes off by a factor of 3 to 4. The scope is set for
1X probe . Why the hugh mismatch?


** The scope is not 50 ohms input impedance.

You are seeing the effects of standing waves in the RG58 cable.

Use a BNC T adaptor and a 50 ohms dummy load at the scope end.



If the generator is a 50 ohm source, the end of the coax looks like a
50 ohm source.

---
For an arbitrary frequency and an arbitrary length of cable, that's
only true if the source impedance, the transmission line impedance,
and the load impedance are all equal and resistive, with the
transmission line looking like an attenuator.

No. Given a 50 ohm generator driving a 50 ohm cable, open on the far
end, the end of the coax looks like a 50 ohm source. The transmission
line doesn't look like an attenuator unless it's lossy, which effect
will be negligable for a few feet of RG58 at reasonable frequencies.
---
An ideal transmission line will exhibit only delay and insertion loss,
the insertion loss qualifying it as an attenuator, albeit a tiny one
for a short line at a low frequency.
---

Hook that to a 15 pF scope input and you get a 1st
order lowpass response with corner around 200 MHz or so. No standing
waves or resonances at all.
---
At the capacitive end of the cable that's true, but you don't get the
-6dB rolloff that you'd expect, you get the corner at -3dB and the
skirt falls off at -3dB per octave.
---
---
Tricky subterfuge, but no cigar.

What you've done is taken a typical scope input of 15pF to ground, set
its reactance to 50 ohms and solved for the frequency at that point:

1 1
f = ---------- = ---------------------- ~ 212.3MHz.
2pi C Xc 6.28 * 15e-12F * 50R

Which _is_ around 200MHz if Xc equals about 53 ohms.


However, the capacitor is a _reactive_, not a _resistive_ load, so
some of the energy sent to it would be stored in its out-of-phaseness
and sent back to the source on a cycle-per-cycle basis, resulting in
reflections and standing waves, no matter what.

Any reflections will be absorbed by the generator impedance.
---
Yes, but in the process of being absorbed, the voltage across the
source resistance will be exalted or diminished by the current in the
wave reflected from the load, causing unexpected variations from
nominal in the voltage across the load when the exalting/diminishing
wave from the source returns to the load.
---

If you
sweep the gen frequency, the scope will see a voltage that looks just
like a 1st order RC lowpass response, flat to about 200 MHz and then
rolling off at -6 dB per octave. If there are any standing waves, they
are somewhere inside the cable, totally invisible from outside; they
won't cause frequency peaks or dips at the scope.

LT Spice has a tranny model, so you can try it.
---
I did, and got some interesting results, among them that with the
capacitance you specified the knee was at about -3 dB at 200MHz and
the rolloff was -3dB per octave.

Possibly because of the "feedback" from the reflections?

I don't know. My models blew up after a while and left me with the
feeling that maybe I was hooking up to the coax incorrectly.

Seems strange, since it worked for a while, so I sent a request for
clarification to the LTspice user group.

They're excellent with feedback, so when I get an answer I'll modify
my circuit, as required, and post it.
---

Also, what you neglected to mention was that, even if what you said
was true, it would only be true at one frequency and, even at that
frequency, the reading of the 8567A's attenuator would be wrong with
respect to power going into the load.

A good signal generator should be a 50 ohm source at all frequencies.

John
---
Yes, of course.

We all know that, but a signal generator with an attenuator designed
and legended to drive a resistive load will only be accurate at the
frequency where the capacitor's reactance is such that the voltage
across it will be half that of the open-circuit voltage of the
generator.

And, even at that, the attenuator will only be useful in determining
the voltage across the load, not the power into it, as displayed,
since the load is reactive.

---
JF
 
Phil Allison wrote:

"Jamie" = Maynard A. Philbrook

Radio ham: KA1LPA

Maynard is a grossly autistic mental retard.

Maynard is a fucking troll too.

Maynard is fucking arsehole.




.... Phil






Phil, you're stuttering again!




SOME PEOPLE ARE LIKE SLINKIES. NOT REALLY GOOD FOR ANYTHING BUT
THEY BRING A SMILE TO YOUR FACE WHEN PUSHED DOWN THE STAIRS.
http://webpages.charter.net/jamie_5
 
"John Fields"


** I set up the same conditions as the OP described - ie an RF generator,
1.5 meters of RG58 co-ax and a 60MHz scope with 1 Mohm //20pF input.

AS EXPECTED the input impedance of the cable dips sharply at the quarter
wave frequency, 22MHz for my set up - or 28 MHz if the cable is left
completely unterminated. This was determined by monitoring the signal at the
output connector of the RF gen with a 10:1 probe.

However, at the scope end of the cable there is little sign of any dipping
or peaking.

So, the cable acts like a quarter wave stub all right, but the unterminated
end has a fairly consistent signal level since peaking and dipping occur
simultaneously at opposite ends.

Sue as hell looks like standing waves at play to me.



..... Phil
 
On Sat, 11 Dec 2010 17:41:22 -0600, John Fields
<jfields@austininstruments.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 17:02:42 -0800, John Larkin
jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 18:32:22 -0600, John Fields
jfields@austininstruments.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 09:05:41 -0800, John Larkin
jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote:

On Fri, 10 Dec 2010 13:28:24 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au
wrote:


entropy4269@yahoo.com
OK, this is real basic but I'm not getting it. I hooked up my HP
8657A signal gerator into my TDS 210 oscope with RG 58a/u ,which is 50
ohm to match my input and output. The trouble is , the voltage
readings on my scope do not match my output readings on the signal
generator., sometimes off by a factor of 3 to 4. The scope is set for
1X probe . Why the hugh mismatch?


** The scope is not 50 ohms input impedance.

You are seeing the effects of standing waves in the RG58 cable.

Use a BNC T adaptor and a 50 ohms dummy load at the scope end.



If the generator is a 50 ohm source, the end of the coax looks like a
50 ohm source.

---
For an arbitrary frequency and an arbitrary length of cable, that's
only true if the source impedance, the transmission line impedance,
and the load impedance are all equal and resistive, with the
transmission line looking like an attenuator.

No. Given a 50 ohm generator driving a 50 ohm cable, open on the far
end, the end of the coax looks like a 50 ohm source. The transmission
line doesn't look like an attenuator unless it's lossy, which effect
will be negligable for a few feet of RG58 at reasonable frequencies.

---
An ideal transmission line will exhibit only delay and insertion loss,
the insertion loss qualifying it as an attenuator, albeit a tiny one
for a short line at a low frequency.
How could an ideal transmission line have loss? It only includes
inductance and capacitance, so it can't dissipate power.

An ideal 50 ohm transmission line, used to extend the output of a 50
ohm signal generator, adds time delay. Nothing else.


---

Hook that to a 15 pF scope input and you get a 1st
order lowpass response with corner around 200 MHz or so. No standing
waves or resonances at all.

---
At the capacitive end of the cable that's true, but you don't get the
-6dB rolloff that you'd expect, you get the corner at -3dB and the
skirt falls off at -3dB per octave.
Insane. Sorry to say so, but insane.


---
---
Tricky subterfuge, but no cigar.

What you've done is taken a typical scope input of 15pF to ground, set
its reactance to 50 ohms and solved for the frequency at that point:

1 1
f = ---------- = ---------------------- ~ 212.3MHz.
2pi C Xc 6.28 * 15e-12F * 50R

Which _is_ around 200MHz if Xc equals about 53 ohms.


However, the capacitor is a _reactive_, not a _resistive_ load, so
some of the energy sent to it would be stored in its out-of-phaseness
and sent back to the source on a cycle-per-cycle basis, resulting in
reflections and standing waves, no matter what.

Any reflections will be absorbed by the generator impedance.

---
Yes, but in the process of being absorbed, the voltage across the
source resistance will be exalted or diminished by the current in the
wave reflected from the load, causing unexpected variations from
nominal in the voltage across the load when the exalting/diminishing
wave from the source returns to the load.
Nope.


---

If you
sweep the gen frequency, the scope will see a voltage that looks just
like a 1st order RC lowpass response, flat to about 200 MHz and then
rolling off at -6 dB per octave. If there are any standing waves, they
are somewhere inside the cable, totally invisible from outside; they
won't cause frequency peaks or dips at the scope.

LT Spice has a tranny model, so you can try it.

---
I did, and got some interesting results, among them that with the
capacitance you specified the knee was at about -3 dB at 200MHz and
the rolloff was -3dB per octave.
The 200 MHz corner was where I predicted. And I bet the voltage at the
scope was flat, no frequency whoopie-doos, from DC up to there. But it
is 6 dB/octave after the corner.

Possibly because of the "feedback" from the reflections?
If it's source terminated, there are no secondary reflections. The
generator gobbles them all up.

I don't know. My models blew up after a while and left me with the
feeling that maybe I was hooking up to the coax incorrectly.
Spice seems to have two txline models, the ideal and the lossy. For
some reason, the lossy-line model seems to work better, even if you
crank the losses down to invisibility.

Seems strange, since it worked for a while, so I sent a request for
clarification to the LTspice user group.

They're excellent with feedback, so when I get an answer I'll modify
my circuit, as required, and post it.
---

Also, what you neglected to mention was that, even if what you said
was true, it would only be true at one frequency and, even at that
frequency, the reading of the 8567A's attenuator would be wrong with
respect to power going into the load.

A good signal generator should be a 50 ohm source at all frequencies.

John

---
Yes, of course.

We all know that, but a signal generator with an attenuator designed
and legended to drive a resistive load will only be accurate at the
frequency where the capacitor's reactance is such that the voltage
across it will be half that of the open-circuit voltage of the
generator.
Gibberish.

And, even at that, the attenuator will only be useful in determining
the voltage across the load, not the power into it, as displayed,
since the load is reactive.
Ditto.

John
 
On Sun, 12 Dec 2010 12:04:34 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

"John Fields"


** I set up the same conditions as the OP described - ie an RF generator,
1.5 meters of RG58 co-ax and a 60MHz scope with 1 Mohm //20pF input.

AS EXPECTED the input impedance of the cable dips sharply at the quarter
wave frequency, 22MHz for my set up - or 28 MHz if the cable is left
completely unterminated. This was determined by monitoring the signal at the
output connector of the RF gen with a 10:1 probe.
Yes.

However, at the scope end of the cable there is little sign of any dipping
or peaking.
Also yes. That was the point. As seen from the end, the coax adds
nothing but time delay to the 50 ohm generator.

So, the cable acts like a quarter wave stub all right, but the unterminated
end has a fairly consistent signal level since peaking and dipping occur
simultaneously at opposite ends.

Sue as hell looks like standing waves at play to me.
Sure, but you don't see them at the scope. The signal at the scope
will be flat over frequency until the 160 MHz -3 dB point, and then
roll off nicely at -6/octave, unless the scope itself craps out first.
Your 60 MHz scope will roll off before the 50r+20 pF corner hits. You
shouldn't see any frequency peaks or dips at the scope, regardless of
the cable length.

You might see some wobbles if the generator isn't a clean 50 ohm
source. In that case, you can get multiple reflections.

Thanks for trying it.

John
 
"John Larkin is a CRIMINAL LIAR "

Phil Allison
Sure as hell looks like standing waves at play to me.

Sure, but you don't see them at the scope.

** The LIAR claimed there were no standing wave effects - quote:

" No standing waves or resonances at all. "

Then he denied that the "quarter wave stub " was relevant to the case.

Wot a blatant fucking LIAR !!!


..... Phil
 
On Sun, 12 Dec 2010 12:43:51 +1100, "Phil Allison" <phil_a@tpg.com.au>
wrote:

"John Larkin is a CRIMINAL LIAR "

Phil Allison

Sure as hell looks like standing waves at play to me.

Sure, but you don't see them at the scope.


** The LIAR claimed there were no standing wave effects - quote:

" No standing waves or resonances at all. "

Then he denied that the "quarter wave stub " was relevant to the case.

Wot a blatant fucking LIAR !!!
The frequency response is flat at the scope, with just the rolloff
above 200 MHz, as predicted. No bumps or resonances will be visible at
the scope. As I noted in a previous post, any standing wave effects
are buried inside the cable and invisible at the load.

I made no comments about a quarter-wave stub.

Read your own posts. You said:

"The real situation is that of an unterminated transmission line of
operating over a very wide frequency range.

Will exhibit more peaks and dips than the Himalayas."

There are no such peaks or dips at the end of the line, at the scope,
as you observed yourself.

John
 

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