new GaN fet...

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

I\'ve worked with a IC foundry for Gallium based analog RF components,
and they do have full-accuracy models, which are closely held as trade
secrets. I also recall comments by various SED denizens to the same
effect.


Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

Yes. The foundry design modeling systems are often bespoke, for
precisely those reasons.

As others have said, harmonic-balance simulators are widely used as
well.

Many use RF design systems from such as HP/Agilent. Some use COMSOL.


My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Yes, these are excuses. But the problem is not technical.


Joe Gwinn
 
On Fri, 4 Mar 2022 05:10:09 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de>
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 16:21 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

We talked about pin diode switches last week. Do you know
the carrier lifetime of the diodes?

It\'s usually on the data sheet. But V/I curves often aren\'t! That\'s
crazy. So we have to measure that.


Does Spice have any
idea what that might be? And this is THE parameter that
makes PIN diodes happen.

Well, the DC curves matter too, if you want to inject carriers.

And the voltage exactly when/where on a polysilicon gate.
End, feed point, somewhere in between?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

What with noise calculations in a nonlinear environment?

I\'ve done that with Spice. I just add some noise generators and run a
time-domain model.

It would be more convenient if the noise models worked in time domain,
but we can deal with that. We understand it.


Try that with Spice in a chopper amplifier.

Which operating point would you choose in the chopper
amplifier? Switch at A or B? You must make up your mind;
noise analysis has not the concept of time.

It takes harmonic balance methods to do it.

But they handle a very narrow group of cases.

If you are saying that Spice is sometimes incomplete, we understand
that and can adapt. But I still want to know if this is a depletion
fet, and what Idss is.

Most depletion phemts turn out to enhance usefully, or a lot. 2x Idss
or 1/2 Rds-on can be useful. Nobody mentions that! Actually, I\'ve
never seen an Rds-on spec for a phemt... it\'s an RF part!

But they can be dynamite RF switches, except that the RF boys don\'t
seem to think about parts switching.


Here\'s a model used by ADS:

https://edadocs.software.keysight.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=6063379

Those device parameters wouild be useful in Spice too. But RF part
specs rarely reveal them.


--

If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end with doubts,
but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties.
Francis Bacon
 
jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

We should distinguish between a \"Spice model\" and a Spice program.

This is a jfet model:

.model 2N3819 NJF(Beta=1.304m Betatce=-.5 Rd=1 Rs=1 Lambda=2.25m
Vto=-3 Vtotc=-2.5m Is=33.57f Isr=322.4f N=1 Nr=2 Xti=3 Alpha=311.7u
Vk=243.6 Cgd=1.6p M=.3622 Pb=1 Fc=.5 Cgs=2.414p Kf=9.882E-18 Af=1
mfg=Vishay)

It assigns values in SI units to elements of device physics. That,
plus some package parasitics and thermals, defines the device. That
could be the input to LT Spice or to an expensive RF suite or to 12
professors with slide rules.

But the values are there. Narrowband load pull measurements are
different.

Spice models only include things that Spice understands, though.
Carrier lifetime, diffusion behaviour, doping profiles and so on aren\'t
in there. (The diode model does have the voltage-variable capacitance,
but AIUI it\'s basically behavioural--it sure doesn\'t model forward
recovery.)

> Opamp models can be incomplete, but they are better than s-parameters.

Assuming they\'re reasonably accurate. The s-parameters are probably
correct at one bias point at least. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs


--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

I\'ve worked with a IC foundry for Gallium based analog RF components,
and they do have full-accuracy models, which are closely held as trade
secrets. I also recall comments by various SED denizens to the same
effect.


Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

Yes. The foundry design modeling systems are often bespoke, for
precisely those reasons.

As others have said, harmonic-balance simulators are widely used as
well.

Many use RF design systems from such as HP/Agilent. Some use COMSOL.


My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Yes, these are excuses. But the problem is not technical.

Have you actually done any of that stuff yourself?

Cheers

Phil Hobbs


--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On Fri, 4 Mar 2022 14:00:20 -0500, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

We should distinguish between a \"Spice model\" and a Spice program.

This is a jfet model:

.model 2N3819 NJF(Beta=1.304m Betatce=-.5 Rd=1 Rs=1 Lambda=2.25m
Vto=-3 Vtotc=-2.5m Is=33.57f Isr=322.4f N=1 Nr=2 Xti=3 Alpha=311.7u
Vk=243.6 Cgd=1.6p M=.3622 Pb=1 Fc=.5 Cgs=2.414p Kf=9.882E-18 Af=1
mfg=Vishay)

It assigns values in SI units to elements of device physics. That,
plus some package parasitics and thermals, defines the device. That
could be the input to LT Spice or to an expensive RF suite or to 12
professors with slide rules.

But the values are there. Narrowband load pull measurements are
different.

Spice models only include things that Spice understands, though.
Carrier lifetime, diffusion behaviour, doping profiles and so on aren\'t
in there. (The diode model does have the voltage-variable capacitance,
but AIUI it\'s basically behavioural--it sure doesn\'t model forward
recovery.)

Sure. And we understand that.

I don\'t know much about the big RF suites. Can they model pin diodes
and srds and such? Can they model the time-domain switching behavior
of a pin diode switch?

Opamp models can be incomplete, but they are better than s-parameters.

Assuming they\'re reasonably accurate. The s-parameters are probably
correct at one bias point at least. ;)

We\'re using THS4302s, which do have s-params. But they also have DC
specs and capacitances and pulse shots and slew rates. Best of both
worlds.

--

If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end with doubts,
but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties.
Francis Bacon
 
On Fri, 4 Mar 2022 14:01:33 -0500, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

I\'ve worked with a IC foundry for Gallium based analog RF components,
and they do have full-accuracy models, which are closely held as trade
secrets. I also recall comments by various SED denizens to the same
effect.


Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

Yes. The foundry design modeling systems are often bespoke, for
precisely those reasons.

As others have said, harmonic-balance simulators are widely used as
well.

Many use RF design systems from such as HP/Agilent. Some use COMSOL.


My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Yes, these are excuses. But the problem is not technical.


Have you actually done any of that stuff yourself?

No, I have not. But I have worked with people who have and still do
such modeling and have seen their analyses.

Joe Gwinn
 
On Fri, 04 Mar 2022 11:09:54 -0800, John Larkin
<jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Mar 2022 14:00:20 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:43:15 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Joe Gwinn wrote:
On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 13:13:01 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Mar 2022 15:52:13 -0500, Joe Gwinn <joegwinn@comcast.net
wrote:

On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 12:20:12 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 17:10:41 +0000, Tom Gardner
spamjunk@blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

On 03/03/22 16:25, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 11:12:30 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Thu, 3 Mar 2022 06:32:58 +0100, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de
wrote:

Am 03.03.22 um 05:54 schrieb jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 20:27:20 -0800 (PST), Rich S
richsulinengineer@gmail.com> wrote:

Those loadpull charts on page 5 are a mess,
unreadable, If this is what its like, then
No wonder a lot of RF guys retire unexpectedly.

RF lives in the dark ages. We need Spice models.

Don\'t mke me laugh so hard. Spice IS the dark ages.
What we need is AWR or ADS design kits.

Gerhard

What\'s wrong with knowing all the voltages and currents as a function
of time?

If you know that, you know all the RF stuff. That doesn\'t work in
reverse.

And what\'s wrong with knowing drain current as a function of gate
voltage? RF data sheets usually say \"turn the trimpot until the RF
comes out.\"

I wonder how people generate those \"design kits\" if they don\'t know
the basic electrical properties of the part. Maybe it\'s like \"load
pull\" engineering.


They probably make about eight of them over the lifetime of the part, so
statistics are hard to come by. ;)

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Rf is a strange world. I think its traditions pre-date computers, so
they emphasize analytical, necessarily linear, ideas like s-params and
Smith charts. Things that could be sort-of handled with pencils and
slide rules.

Yes. Well before computers. And the key was finding the right
mathematical and physical approximations, yielding an analytically
tractable theory that was also useful.


That\'s because non-linearities are avoided like the plague.
They cause harmonics that screw you /and other/ users up.

So wouldn\'t you want a Spice model to evaluate that? Not all parts are
used small-signal.

Well, the device manufacturers do have such models, but the
manufacturers do not release anything that revealing, to avoid
educating their competitors.


A few competitors will spend big bucks to measure the enemies parts,
and they have the facilities to do it. So why should a thousand
end-users have to do the measurements themselves, or spin product revs
until it works?

I asked MiniCircuits for Spice models of their phemts. They were
adamant, agressive even, that they will NEVER have Spice models.

Yes, but they *do* have them.

You know this how, exactly?

Actually, much of what they make is better simulated using a full EM
field solver, which spice cannot touch.

SPICE is a pretty capable package for solving sparse systems of
nonlinear ODEs, with a few features bolted on for other things such as
transmission lines. (A transmission line has invisible internal state,
and so can\'t be simulated by ODEs.)

It doesn\'t model carrier diffusion, which is probably its worst
deficiency in high speed circuitry. Second worst is that its noise
simulation capability is very limited--it\'s just a linearized
propagation-of-errors calculation based on a single operating point. In
reality, many noise sources don\'t behave that way--for instance, shot
noise depends on the instantaneous current, so noise correlations with
signal can be far from negligible in real life.

But most of those things aren\'t done any better by your average
full-wave EM code, which has zero information about the circuit
properties and probably couldn\'t do carrier dynamics to save its virtual
life, even if you gave it a physical description of the circuit with the
required spatial resolution everywhere. (This would not be your elegant
lightweight input file, you understand.)

I wrote a clusterized optimizing FDTD code for my antenna-coupled MIM
tunnel junction work about 15 years ago, so I have relevant experience.

My guess is that if they published simplified spice models, they would
get endless questions about this or that inaccuracy, so they avoid the
expense by not issuing such models.

Op amp makers have the inaccuracy problem in spades, which they handle
by lying through their teeth AFAICT--they say that better models would
reveal too much about their designs, or run too slowly, or put warts on
everybody\'s nose, or something.

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

We should distinguish between a \"Spice model\" and a Spice program.

This is a jfet model:

.model 2N3819 NJF(Beta=1.304m Betatce=-.5 Rd=1 Rs=1 Lambda=2.25m
Vto=-3 Vtotc=-2.5m Is=33.57f Isr=322.4f N=1 Nr=2 Xti=3 Alpha=311.7u
Vk=243.6 Cgd=1.6p M=.3622 Pb=1 Fc=.5 Cgs=2.414p Kf=9.882E-18 Af=1
mfg=Vishay)

It assigns values in SI units to elements of device physics. That,
plus some package parasitics and thermals, defines the device. That
could be the input to LT Spice or to an expensive RF suite or to 12
professors with slide rules.

But the values are there. Narrowband load pull measurements are
different.

Spice models only include things that Spice understands, though.
Carrier lifetime, diffusion behaviour, doping profiles and so on aren\'t
in there. (The diode model does have the voltage-variable capacitance,
but AIUI it\'s basically behavioural--it sure doesn\'t model forward
recovery.)

Sure. And we understand that.

I don\'t know much about the big RF suites. Can they model pin diodes
and srds and such? Can they model the time-domain switching behavior
of a pin diode switch?

PIN Diodes, yes - I see that all the time.

SRDs - not very well.

The big practical problem with SRDs is jitter inherent to the device
physics. The jitter causes lots of phase noise. For low phase noise
comb generators (used for frequency multiplication) people have gone
to nonlinear transmission lines, such as those made by MACom, despite
the component cost.

Joe Gwinn
 
On Friday, March 4, 2022 at 6:48:45 AM UTC-8, jla...@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:

We should distinguish between a \"Spice model\" and a Spice program.

This is a jfet model:

.model 2N3819 NJF(Beta=1.304m Betatce=-.5 Rd=1 Rs=1 Lambda=2.25m
Vto=-3 Vtotc=-2.5m Is=33.57f Isr=322.4f N=1 Nr=2 Xti=3 Alpha=311.7u
Vk=243.6 Cgd=1.6p M=.3622 Pb=1 Fc=.5 Cgs=2.414p Kf=9.882E-18 Af=1
mfg=Vishay)

It assigns values in SI units to elements of device physics.

Which is to say, it fills in parameters for a built-in SPICE model, designated NJF,
that is documented somewhere... older SPICE variants had J2N3819-named models for JFETs.
I wouldn\'t designate that text \'a model\', rather I\'d call it a \'model statement\' for the particular
SPICE variant in use.
 
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 18:41:23 -0500, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Phil Hobbs wrote:
John Larkin wrote:
https://www.galliumsemi.com/products-1/gt010d

This being an RF part, there are no DC or capacitance specs. This
being a power part, there are no S-parms. All you get are load pull.

I suspect it\'s a depletion fet. Idss? What\'s that?


It does specify the threshold as -1.5 to -3.5V, but doesn\'t give the
corresponding I_D.

Nice package--wonder if it comes in DIP? ;)

(Almost certainly way too rich for my blood, if it\'s intended for cell
tower use, but an interesting part, for sure.)

BTW: they\'re specifying the output power at *3 dB compression*. Who
ever heard of that?

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

If you are designing Doherties then it is very relevant.


Skittles
 
Skittles wrote:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 18:41:23 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Phil Hobbs wrote:
John Larkin wrote:
https://www.galliumsemi.com/products-1/gt010d

This being an RF part, there are no DC or capacitance specs. This
being a power part, there are no S-parms. All you get are load pull.

I suspect it\'s a depletion fet. Idss? What\'s that?


It does specify the threshold as -1.5 to -3.5V, but doesn\'t give the
corresponding I_D.

Nice package--wonder if it comes in DIP? ;)

(Almost certainly way too rich for my blood, if it\'s intended for cell
tower use, but an interesting part, for sure.)

BTW: they\'re specifying the output power at *3 dB compression*. Who
ever heard of that?


If you are designing Doherties then it is very relevant.


Skittles

So are you the \"beer & skittles\" kind or the kid candy kind?

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On Tue, 8 Mar 2022 11:28:58 -0500, Phil Hobbs
<pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Skittles wrote:
On Wed, 2 Mar 2022 18:41:23 -0500, Phil Hobbs
pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> wrote:

Phil Hobbs wrote:
John Larkin wrote:
https://www.galliumsemi.com/products-1/gt010d

This being an RF part, there are no DC or capacitance specs. This
being a power part, there are no S-parms. All you get are load pull.

I suspect it\'s a depletion fet. Idss? What\'s that?


It does specify the threshold as -1.5 to -3.5V, but doesn\'t give the
corresponding I_D.

Nice package--wonder if it comes in DIP? ;)

(Almost certainly way too rich for my blood, if it\'s intended for cell
tower use, but an interesting part, for sure.)

BTW: they\'re specifying the output power at *3 dB compression*. Who
ever heard of that?


If you are designing Doherties then it is very relevant.


Skittles


So are you the \"beer & skittles\" kind or the kid candy kind?

Cheers

Phil Hobbs

Definitely beer and skittles.

Tally Ho!

Skittles
 

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