leaving conductors exposed

As to the risk here, I routinely touch both clips of the 1-amp 12 volt
battery charger I have. I havent' done that with the 8 amp charger,
probably because the phrase "8 amp" scares me, but it shoudln't
and tomorrow I will, I'll even find some alcohol to spark in. If I
don't
post back, it means my house burned down and took my computer
and me with it.

It only takes a few milliamps to kill you. Assuming the current
has a path to a vital organ, like the heart.
It takes about 100mA through the heart to kill you.

Guys, a battery charger is not a constant-current device! It provides only
the current determined by its charging voltage (which I assume starts at
around 14V) and your skin resistance, which even when your hands are wet, is
no lower than a few thousand ohms.

YOU CANNOT BE ELCTROCUTED BY THE OUTPUT OF A CAR-BATTERY CHARGER.
 
Certainly you can be killed with a few milliamps,
but only if the voltage is 60V or higher.
Wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong. The voltage has nothing whatever to do
with electrocution (other than affecting how much current flows). ONLY THE
CURRENT MATTERS.

You cannot be killed "with a few milliamps". The thresholds are known, and
the lethal level is at about 100mA through the heart.

I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't more familiar with
electrical safety.
 
60 volts isn't considered 'safe' anywhere I know of.
About half that is the accepted norm.
60V is not lethal (unless, perhaps, the electrodes were under the skin). It
can, however, deliver a nasty shock, which can provoke a fall, or bumping
into something that really is dangerous.
 
How many 'milliamps' on average does 'your' electric chair
seek to achieve to be fairly certain of killing someone
without blowing them apart?
That's one of the problems with electric chairs -- they don't work the way
they're supposed to. They do a better job of slowly frying the criminal,
rather than quickly stopping his heart.

I'll have to write a new version of Gilbert... "The criminal fried..."


I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't
more familiar with electrical safety.

Electrical safety standards vary between countries.
I was talking about safety, not safety standards or regulations.
 
In article <ieahch$hc0$1@news.eternal-september.org>,
William Sommerwerck <grizzledgeezer@comcast.net> wrote:
Certainly you can be killed with a few milliamps,
but only if the voltage is 60V or higher.

Wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong. The voltage has nothing whatever to
do with electrocution (other than affecting how much current flows).
ONLY THE CURRENT MATTERS.
That bit is correct.

You cannot be killed "with a few milliamps". The thresholds are known,
and the lethal level is at about 100mA through the heart.
The actual amount will vary from person to person. That may well be an
average. How many 'milliamps' on average does 'your' electric chair seek
to achieve to be fairly certain of killing someone without blowing them
apart?

I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't more familiar
with electrical safety.
Electrical safety standards vary between countries. And over the years.
The only truly safe advice is not to touch anything live.

--
*Why is it considered necessary to screw down the lid of a coffin?

Dave Plowman dave@davenoise.co.uk London SW
To e-mail, change noise into sound.
 
Human skin has a resistance between 1K and 6K, and
that resistance varies with the voltage aplied to skin.
That's a way-low value. Try grabbing the probes of a DVM.

The actual resistance varies with the skin's wetness, the area covered, and
whether the skin has been penetrated.
 
On 15 dic, 09:55, "William Sommerwerck" <grizzledgee...@comcast.net>
wrote:
Certainly you can be killed with a few milliamps,
but only if the voltage is 60V or higher.

Wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong. The voltage has nothing whatever to do
with electrocution (other than affecting how much current flows). ONLY THE
CURRENT MATTERS.

You cannot be killed "with a few milliamps". The thresholds are known, and
the lethal level is at about 100mA through the heart.

I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't more familiar with
electrical safety.
Human skin has a resistance between 1K and 6K, and that resistante
varies with the voltage aplied to skin. This table supplied by the IEC
indicates that human skin electrical resistance varies as follows:


Voltage 5% 50% 95%
25 V 1,750 Ί 3,250 Ί 6,100 Ί
100 V 1,200 Ί 1,875 Ί 3,200 Ί
220 V 1,000 Ί 1,350 Ί 2,125 Ί
1000 V 700 Ί 1,050 Ί 1,500 Ί

The 5%, 50%, and 95% columns represents the distribution of the
population percentile per measurement.

Now lets assume that you have a voltage source of 24V. According to
the above table your body impedance can be anywhere between 1,750 and
6,100 ohms at that voltage level. Using omhs law, and aplying the
lowest impedance, your body will draw only 13 mA. That´s why a 24V
battery WILL NOT kill anyone, no matter what is the aH capacity of the
battery, nor the maximum current available from the battery at a given
time. You body will only draw 0,013 mA from it. And also that´s the
reason no one gets killed when the touch the posts of a 12V car
battery.

Now lets repeat the calculations supossing that we have a voltage
source of 60V. Using again the table, and taking the lowest impedance
possible (1200 ohms), the amount of current that will be drawn by the
human skin would be 50 mA. OK, for sure that will be a painful
experience but no one will get killed from a 60V source... except if
the person is wet. In that case, the impedance will be lower.

The point I am trying to make here is that while is true that a 100 mA
current is lethal, you have to provide a voltage level high enough to
your body in order to make draw 100 mA. Voltage levels under 60V will
not kill anybody unless the person decides to put electrodes under the
skin, or the skin is wet.
 
lsmartino wrote:
Summarizing: we agree that current is what kills, but in order to make
your body draw that amount of current, you need a high enough voltage.
Voltages under 60V are unlikely to kill anyone, unless the person is
applying electricity directly through an open wound. Just do the math.

A humman body doesn't 'draw current'. It 'passes current' if you are
in a circuit.


--
For the last time: I am not a mad scientist, I'm just a very ticked off
scientist!!!
 
On 15 dic, 12:07, "William Sommerwerck" <grizzledgee...@comcast.net>
wrote:
Human skin has a resistance between 1K and 6K, and
that resistance varies with the voltage aplied to skin.

That's a way-low value. Try grabbing the probes of a DVM.

The actual resistance varies with the skin's wetness, the area covered, and
whether the skin has been penetrated.
Certainly a DVM will show a body impedance of 20K or more, but please
take into account that a DVM will, at most cases, apply 1.5V or 3V to
the test probes, and skin impedance is inversely proportional to the
voltage applied to it.

See this article:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_shock

"The voltage necessary for electrocution depends on the current
through the body and the duration of the current. Ohm's law states
that the current drawn depends on the resistance of the body. The
resistance of human skin varies from person to person and fluctuates
between different times of day. The NIOSH states "Under dry
conditions, the resistance offered by the human body may be as high as
100,000 Ohms. Wet or broken skin may drop the body's resistance to
1,000 Ohms," adding that "high-voltage electrical energy quickly
breaks down human skin, reducing the human body's resistance to 500
Ohms."[9]

The International Electrotechnical Commission gives the following
values for the total body impedance of a hand to hand circuit for dry
skin, large contact areas, 50 Hz AC currents (the columns contain the
distribution of the impedance in the population percentile; for
example at 100 V 50% of the population had an impedance of 1875Ί or
less):[10]

Voltage 5% 50% 95%
25 V 1,750 Ί 3,250 Ί 6,100 Ί
100 V 1,200 Ί 1,875 Ί 3,200 Ί
220 V 1,000 Ί 1,350 Ί 2,125 Ί
1000 V 700 Ί 1,050 Ί 1,500 Ί "

Notice that depending on the amount of voltage applied to the skin, it
resistance decreases. That´s why a DVM will show a higher impedance
than the one that is published in the table.

Summarizing: we agree that current is what kills, but in order to make
your body draw that amount of current, you need a high enough voltage.
Voltages under 60V are unlikely to kill anyone, unless the person is
applying electricity directly through an open wound. Just do the math.
 
In article <ieammh$5im$1@news.eternal-september.org>,
William Sommerwerck <grizzledgeezer@comcast.net> wrote:
How many 'milliamps' on average does 'your' electric chair
seek to achieve to be fairly certain of killing someone
without blowing them apart?

That's one of the problems with electric chairs -- they don't work the
way they're supposed to. They do a better job of slowly frying the
criminal, rather than quickly stopping his heart.

I'll have to write a new version of Gilbert... "The criminal fried..."
;-)


I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't
more familiar with electrical safety.

Electrical safety standards vary between countries.

I was talking about safety, not safety standards or regulations.
Indeed. To you or me it seems so simple.

--
*Lottery: A tax on people who are bad at math.

Dave Plowman dave@davenoise.co.uk London SW
To e-mail, change noise into sound.
 
In article <ieap35$t40$1@news.eternal-september.org>,
William Sommerwerck <grizzledgeezer@comcast.net> wrote:
Human skin has a resistance between 1K and 6K, and
that resistance varies with the voltage aplied to skin.

That's a way-low value. Try grabbing the probes of a DVM.

The actual resistance varies with the skin's wetness, the area covered,
and whether the skin has been penetrated.
Then there's me. Thick skinned. As you have to be to post to a US group
from the UK.

I'd guess they are measuring through the skin - from front to back as it
were. But of course it varies in thickness according to where it is in on
the body.

--
*Confession is good for the soul, but bad for your career.

Dave Plowman dave@davenoise.co.uk London SW
To e-mail, change noise into sound.
 
On 15 dic, 13:18, "Michael A. Terrell" <mike.terr...@earthlink.net>
wrote:
lsmartino wrote:

Summarizing: we agree that current is what kills, but in order to make
your body draw that amount of current, you need a high enough voltage.
Voltages under 60V are unlikely to kill anyone, unless the person is
applying electricity directly through an open wound. Just do the math.

   A humman body doesn't 'draw current'.  It 'passes current' if you are
in a circuit.

--
For the last time:  I am not a mad scientist, I'm just a very ticked off
scientist!!!
Certainly. My mistake.
 
In message
<eb8374f6-3754-471d-9e4d-c8abd80fbee9@z17g2000prz.googlegroups.com>,
lsmartino <luismartino76@gmail.com> writes
On 15 dic, 13:18, "Michael A. Terrell" <mike.terr...@earthlink.net
wrote:
lsmartino wrote:

Summarizing: we agree that current is what kills, but in order to make
your body draw that amount of current, you need a high enough voltage.
Voltages under 60V are unlikely to kill anyone, unless the person is
applying electricity directly through an open wound. Just do the math.

   A humman body doesn't 'draw current'.  It 'passes current' if you are
in a circuit.

--
For the last time:  I am not a mad scientist, I'm just a very ticked off
scientist!!!

Certainly. My mistake.
It's not a mistake at all. To 'draw current' is a common figure of
speech. A resistor, connected across a battery, by passing current, will
'draw current' from the battery.
--
Ian
 
On Wed, 15 Dec 2010 09:21:30 +0000 (GMT), "Dave Plowman (News)"
<dave@davenoise.co.uk> wrote:

In article <aj0hg65q8716asl7teltu2vlg1jrahfcgq@4ax.com>,
mm <NOPSAMmm2005@bigfoot.com> wrote:
As to the risk here, I routinely touch both clips of the 1-amp 12 votl
battery charger I have. I havent' done that with the 8 amp charger,
probably because the phrase "8 amp" scares me, but it shoudln't and
BTW, I know that an 8 amp charger won't put any more current through
me than a one amp charger. Maybe I don't hold both claimps at once
because they are big and ugly and and "zinc"-coated and seem dirty
even when they're not, and much harrder to hold in one hand than the
other little ones, and they are on separate wires instead of
two-conductor wire that splits only a few inches from the clamps, like
he little charger.

tomorrow I will, I'll even find some alcohol to spark in. If I don't
post back, it means my house burned down and took my computer and me
with it.

It only takes a few milliamps to kill you. Assuming the current has a path
to a vital organ, like the heart.
The body gives thousands of ohms resistance, even when one's fingers
are wet.

Has anyone every been killed by 12-volts, DC or AC? I doubt it.
Of course many modern car battery chargers have a relay on their output
with the coil operated by the battery - via a diode - to prevent damage to
the charger if it's connected with the wrong polarity. Which also means
it's less likely you'll touch the connectors when they're live.

A powered up but disconnected battery charger of a basic design might well
present a greater 'hazard' than when connected to the battery as the open
circuit voltage could be much higher than the nominal 12 volts.
20 volts.
 
Thanks for recommending the Powermid pyramid remote extender. I got
one and it works great. I'm going to get more for other rooms.

I knew about it, but hadn't had a personal recommendation before.

Sort of ironic, since my Leapfrog IR-45 was finally working pretty
well on all 3 floors, but the Powermid is even quite a bit better.

On Wed, 15 Dec 2010 05:55:52 -0800, "William Sommerwerck"
<grizzledgeezer@comcast.net> wrote:

Certainly you can be killed with a few milliamps,
but only if the voltage is 60V or higher.

Wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong. The voltage has nothing whatever to do
with electrocution (other than affecting how much current flows). ONLY THE
CURRENT MATTERS.
Except that the current is directly proportional to the voltage, so I
don't think it's fair to say the votage ahs nothing whatever to do it
with it.

And you can only apply voltage. You don't know how much current will
go through most things until there is a voltage across it either from
an ohmmeter or some power supply.

No offense meant, but I'm reminded of a JHS science teacher who said
that water had nothing to do with rust, because the formula for rust
production is Fe + 02 = Fe02 (or something like that) and water isn't
in it. Even though everyone can tell that wet things rust much more
than dry things.

Other than this, I agree with your posts.

You cannot be killed "with a few milliamps". The thresholds are known, and
the lethal level is at about 100mA through the heart.

I can't believe the participants in /this/ group aren't more familiar with
electrical safety.
 
lsmartino wrote:
On 12 dic, 23:51, mike <spam...@go.com> wrote:
Phil Allison wrote:
"mike"
Ok, but how did it make it past the "fire hazard" category.
** The design of the transformer prevents any fire or electrocution hazard.
It's surely a source of ignition when you knock it over onto
a pair of scissors on the desk.
** Shorting the secondary winding is one of the tests carried out when
certifying a transformer as "class 2" or double insulated. The unit must not
overheat or burn to the extent that primary and secondary circuits can
become fused.
Most often this is achieved by adding a thermal fuse to the primary circuit
that will open if the winding temp reaches a point that could damage the
insulation used to make the tranny - about 120C in most examples.
Some older designs used fireproof insulation between the primary and
secondary and the winding were contained on separate halves of a plastic
bobbin. Such a tranny could smoke and burn but still not present an
electrocution hazard.
.... Phil
Ok, but what about the spark that happens when you knock it over
while refilling your butane torch? Or when you just cleaned a part
with alcohol. Dumb design!!!
Safety design is a LOT more than just the obvious.
There'd be a lot fewer houses burned to the ground if only engineers
thought more about how their products are used and the hazards
caused by confluence of circumstance.
Did I mention...DUMB DESIGN!!



But you bought a chinese no name "design" lamp, with chinese
construction "quality" and chinese design "aspect" and you pretend
that this lamp should be properly designed??? I bet you that the
creator of that "jewel" isn´t even an engineer.

If you don´t fell comfortable with the lamp, and I wouldn´t BTW, just
trash it.
Well...
I didn't buy it.
The issue is not about the buyer's ability to determine the safety
of a Chinese lamp.
The issue is about the certification agencies who have the device in their
lab for qualification.
Their JOB is to protect me from harm.
They should not have qualified such a device.
You may feel otherwise, that's your right.
 
Michael A. Terrell wrote:
lsmartino wrote:
Summarizing: we agree that current is what kills, but in order to make
your body draw that amount of current, you need a high enough voltage.
Voltages under 60V are unlikely to kill anyone, unless the person is
applying electricity directly through an open wound. Just do the math.


A humman body doesn't 'draw current'. It 'passes current' if you are
in a circuit.
That's a "creative" interpretation.

To get current, you must have volts.
Power = volts x amps.
So, where does that power end up?
And how do you rationalize a useful distinction between
"drawing" and "passing"?
 
William Sommerwerck wrote:
As to the risk here, I routinely touch both clips of the 1-amp 12 volt
battery charger I have. I havent' done that with the 8 amp charger,
probably because the phrase "8 amp" scares me, but it shoudln't
and tomorrow I will, I'll even find some alcohol to spark in. If I
don't
post back, it means my house burned down and took my computer
and me with it.

It only takes a few milliamps to kill you. Assuming the current
has a path to a vital organ, like the heart.

It takes about 100mA through the heart to kill you.

Guys, a battery charger is not a constant-current device! It provides only
the current determined by its charging voltage (which I assume starts at
around 14V) and your skin resistance, which even when your hands are wet, is
no lower than a few thousand ohms.

YOU CANNOT BE ELCTROCUTED BY THE OUTPUT OF A CAR-BATTERY CHARGER.


That statement suggests a misguided interpretation of "certainty".
I doubt you've considered ALL possibilities.
"unlikely" might be a better word than "cannot" for use in that
sentence.
 
YOU CANNOT BE ELCTROCUTED BY THE
OUTPUT OF A CAR-BATTERY CHARGER.

That statement suggests a misguided interpretation of
"certainty". I doubt you've considered ALL possibilities.
"unlikely" might be a better word than "cannot" for use
in that sentence.
You're right in principle, but it's difficult to think of /any/ situation in
which 14 volts could pump enough current through a human body to kill its
owner. You'd need a net resistance (across the heart) of 140 ohms. Not
likely.
 
"William Sommerwerck" wrote in message
news:iebj55$819$1@news.eternal-september.org...

YOU CANNOT BE ELCTROCUTED BY THE
OUTPUT OF A CAR-BATTERY CHARGER.

That statement suggests a misguided interpretation of
"certainty". I doubt you've considered ALL possibilities.
"unlikely" might be a better word than "cannot" for use
in that sentence.
You're right in principle, but it's difficult to think of /any/ situation in
which 14 volts could pump enough current through a human body to kill its
owner. You'd need a net resistance (across the heart) of 140 ohms. Not
likely.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A direct current path through the heart (e.g. attached electrodes) will
cause fibrillation at as little as 10uA. A somewhat less detailed
description is found in Wikipedia:

Ventricular fibrillation
A domestic power supply voltage (110 or 230 V), 50 or 60 Hz AC current
through the chest for a fraction of a second may induce ventricular
fibrillation at currents as low as 60 mA. With DC, 300 to 500 mA is
required. If the current has a direct pathway to the heart (e.g., via a
cardiac catheter or other kind of electrode), a much lower current of less
than 1 mA (AC or DC) can cause fibrillation. If not immediately treated by
defibrillation, fibrillations are usually lethal because all the heart
muscle cells move independently instead of in the coordinated pulses needed
to pump blood to maintain circulation. Above 200 mA, muscle contractions are
so strong that the heart muscles cannot move at all.
 

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