Volts

M

Music Man

Guest
How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks
 
"Music Man" <j.michael@cwcom.net> wrote in message
news:428d1cd2$0$324$cc9e4d1f@news.dial.pipex.com...
How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks
Click to expand...
100,000 lines of force, cut once each second by one conductor, will generate
a potential of one volt.
 
Music Man wrote:
How is a volt defined.
Click to expand...
Originally from comparison to a standard chemical cell. Now, in the
metric system as a relationship between the fundamental units of
charge and energy (a given charge acquires a given energy when it
falls through a volt).

If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Click to expand...
Their internal resistance varies. As current passes through the
battery, its internal resistance uses up some of the battery voltage
by ohm's law. 9 volt alkaline batteries have an internal resistance
on the order of ohms, so can dump only an ampere or so before their
internal resistance uses up all of the 9 volts. A big lead acid
battery has internal resistance on the order of milliohms, so it takes
hundreds of amperes to drop all of its voltage.

Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?
Click to expand...
The chemistry produces volts, the area of the plates determines the
internal resistance.

Thanks
Click to expand...
 
"Music Man" <j.michael@cwcom.net> wrote in message
news:428d1cd2$0$324$cc9e4d1f@news.dial.pipex.com...
How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks

Volt: A unit of electromotive force. It is the amount of force required to
Click to expand...
drive a steady current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.
Ref: http://www.neo.state.ne.us/statshtml/glossaryv.htm

All baterries have a voltage rating and a energy rating (typically measured
in Amp-Hours or milliAmp-Hours). The energy rating will determine whether a
6V battery power a torch/flashlight or a motorcyle starter.

Current and power are needed to determine if a particular voltage is
dangerous. For example, compare the jolt from a 3KVA transformer with 230V
on the primary side (source) and 2300V secondary (load) to a charged up
person at 23,000V (walking on carpet in winter) touching a door knob. You'll
feel a shock if you touch the door knob (23,000V), but will survive the
experience. If however you grab onto the 2300V terminals of the transformer,
you would be medium-well in a matter of seconds.

Dwayne D. Chrusch
 
On Fri, 20 May 2005 00:10:10 +0100, "Music Man" <j.michael@cwcom.net>
wrote:

How is a volt defined.
Click to expand...
It's one Joule per Coulomb. Imagine placing two plates out in the
vacuum of space and providing a potential of one volt between them.
Now take a cup with one Coulomb of electrons and gently empty it out
very close to the negative plate. The electrons will accelerate away
from the negative plate towards the positive one. When they are just
about to hit the positive plate, their total potential energy
(relative to the fixed plate) will be one Joule. Works the same if
you used protons (much more massive) released at the positive plate,
which will accelerate more slowly towards the opposite plate.
Distance between the plates isn't important.

Given this, we have:

Volt = Joule/Coulomb
Amp = Coulomb/Second
Ohm = Joule-second/Coulomb^2 (a Joule-second is angular momentum)
Henry= Ohm-second = Joule/Amp^2 = Joule-second^2/Coulomb^2
Farad= Coulomb/Volt = Coulomb^2/Joule

A nice result is that:

R*C = (Joule-second/Coulomb^2) * (Coulomb^2/Joule)
= seconds

L*C = (Joule-second^2/Coulomb^2) * (Coulomb^2/Joule)
= seconds^2

Which is why you look at the timing constants of RC as proportional to
just that and the timing constant of an LC as proportional to
SQRT(LC).

It's nice when the units work out.

Jon
 
On 20 May 2005 05:24:47 -0700, "PeteS" <ps@fleetwoodmobile.com> wrote:

Strictly speaking, the Ampere is the primary *defined* SI unit of
electricity. All other units follow from there.
Click to expand...
I know. I've read the CRC handbook where it describes this. However,
we humans do like to think in countable things and Coulombs are
countable.

In any case, I wasn't trying to stay in SI units as should have been
obvious from the various ways I wrote what I did. I was merely trying
to get the point across that one doesn't have to accept that the units
in electronics are defined only in terms of the other units, in some
kind of circular definition. I didn't like the idea of defining volts
in terms of amps and ohms, where ohms is defined in terms of volts and
amps. Neither ohms nor volts gets any clearer, that way.

The electric units really do have physical meaning.

Although 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb / sec, that's a statement of equivalency to
charge carriers. The older standard definition is (although I believe
it's getting updated)

1 Amp is that current, when flowing in two rectilinear conductors of
negligible cross section, 1 metre apart in vacuuo, will produce a force
(due to magnetic fields, my comment) of 2 x 10^-7 Newtons between them.
Click to expand...
I remember reading something like that. Good to see it written.
Thanks. So we'll call a volt, Joule/Amp-second, and when trying to
determine volts as Joules/Coulomb, put our cup at one end of those
wires and let the electrons drain into it for one second.

I wonder if the more "natural" idea of counting electrons as the
primary SI unit (or protons) as being a Coulomb fell away to Amps
because electrostatic methods of establishing the value depend too
much on hard to control shapes and intervening materials.

In any case, thanks.

Jon
 
On Fri, 20 May 2005 08:39:34 -0700, tlbs wrote:

That's one thing I never understood -- why the SI comittees never chose
the Coulomb as the "fundemental" unit, but instead chose the Ampere.
Click to expand...
At the time, it was much easier to measure, and create repeatable
standards for.

Probably still is.

It used to be defined electrolytically in terms of mass of silver
deposited under defined conditions in a given time.

--
"Electricity is of two kinds, positive and negative. The difference
is, I presume, that one comes a little more expensive, but is more
durable; the other is a cheaper thing, but the moths get into it."
(Stephen Leacock)
 
Music Man wrote:

How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks


1 Volt is the results of 1 amp of current in a 1 ohm Resistor.
Click to expand...

i also have explain this in different terms when educating youths

Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.
current is like the amount of water moving.

water coming out of a small pipe at high pressure is like having
high voltage but low current! you can stop the water with out to much
problem because the cubic feet per second isn't that great ! thus the
weight of the water is not that heavy.
now change the pipe to a large size, you now have a large volume of
water! even at a slow moving rate (low voltage), it can knock you over
due to the cubic feet of water hitting you! thus the weight factor.
so this all comes down to this.
given enough current (volume of the water) it can cause harm even
at slow moving speeds (voltage).

the speed (Volts) and cubic feet of water(current) is the
Electromotive force.

i have used this to explain to young one's about electricity and many
to this day have learned well on this theory the difference between
VOLTS and AMPS!

hope that helps you also.
 
On Sat, 21 May 2005 13:03:26 -0700, Jamie wrote:
Music Man wrote:

How is a volt defined.
snip
Click to expand...

1 Volt is the results of 1 amp of current in a 1 ohm Resistor.

i also have explain this in different terms when educating youths

Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Click to expand...

** ** ******** ***
*** ** ********** *****
**** ** ** ** *****
** ** ** ** ** *****
** ** ** ** ** ***
** ** ** ** ** *
** **** ** **
** *** ********** ***
** ** ******** ***

NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO NO NO NO NO!!!!!!!!!!!!

Voltage is _PRESSURE_ - it has nothing to do with "speed" (other than
that more pressure can force more flow through a given resistance. See
"Ohm's Law".)

Now, if you have a PSI gauge at the faucet, its pressure reading might
decrease when you open the valve - that's because of the PRESSURE DROP
CAUSED BY THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE WATER SUPPLY.

Another thing - a water pressure gauge measures PSIG (pounds per square
inch gauge) or PSIA (pounds per square inch absolute) and its reference
is intrinsic, or built-in - it's either atmospheric pressure, 15 PSIA,
or zero (vacuum). With voltage, the reference is usually Earth ground
or circuit ground or circuit common - a voltmeter measures the voltage
between two points (AKA potential, or electromotive force (EMF)). Period.
A water pressure measures the difference in pressure between the water in
the pipe, and the air, which doesn't seem obvious at first, because we're
embedded in it. The "other lead" of a water meter is the outside of the
diaphragm, which is exposed to air. This is where the water pipe model of
electricity kind of breaks down.

current is like the amount of water moving.
Click to expand...
Yes, Now we're getting a little closer.
water coming out of a small pipe at high pressure is like having
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
high voltage but low current! you can stop the water with out to much
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Click to expand...

Yes. Voltage is pressure. Rate of flow is current, like the current in
a river.

problem because the cubic feet per second isn't that great ! thus the
weight of the water is not that heavy.
now change the pipe to a large size, you now have a large volume of
water! even at a slow moving rate (low voltage), it can knock you over
due to the cubic feet of water hitting you! thus the weight factor.
so this all comes down to this.
given enough current (volume of the water) it can cause harm even
at slow moving speeds (voltage).

the speed (Volts) and cubic feet of water(current) is the
Electromotive force.
Click to expand...
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO!!!!!!!!!!

Speed is just another aspect of flow rate. VOLTAGE IS PRESSURE!!!
i have used this to explain to young one's about electricity
Click to expand...
Well, you've been wrong.

and many
to this day have learned well on this theory the difference between
VOLTS and AMPS!
Click to expand...
Well, STOP!

hope that helps you also.
Click to expand...
Don't worry, now that you've been corrected, it might.

Thanks,
Rich
 
Nog wrote:
"Music Man" <j.michael@cwcom.net> wrote in message
news:428d1cd2$0$324$cc9e4d1f@news.dial.pipex.com...
How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks

100,000 lines of force, cut once each second by one conductor, will generate
a potential of one volt.
--------------------
Click to expand...
Except that they don't exist.

-Steve
--
-Steve Walz rstevew@armory.com ftp://ftp.armory.com/pub/user/rstevew
Electronics Site!! 1000's of Files and Dirs!! With Schematics Galore!!
http://www.armory.com/~rstevew or http://www.armory.com/~rstevew/Public
 
Rich Grise wrote:

On Sat, 21 May 2005 13:03:26 -0700, Jamie wrote:

Music Man wrote:


How is a volt defined.

snip

1 Volt is the results of 1 amp of current in a 1 ohm Resistor.

i also have explain this in different terms when educating youths

Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^

** ** ******** ***
*** ** ********** *****
**** ** ** ** *****
** ** ** ** ** *****
** ** ** ** ** ***
** ** ** ** ** *
** **** ** **
** *** ********** ***
** ** ******** ***

NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO!!! NO NO NO NO NO!!!!!!!!!!!!

Voltage is _PRESSURE_ - it has nothing to do with "speed" (other than
that more pressure can force more flow through a given resistance. See
"Ohm's Law".)

Now, if you have a PSI gauge at the faucet, its pressure reading might
decrease when you open the valve - that's because of the PRESSURE DROP
CAUSED BY THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF THE WATER SUPPLY.

Another thing - a water pressure gauge measures PSIG (pounds per square
inch gauge) or PSIA (pounds per square inch absolute) and its reference
is intrinsic, or built-in - it's either atmospheric pressure, 15 PSIA,
or zero (vacuum). With voltage, the reference is usually Earth ground
or circuit ground or circuit common - a voltmeter measures the voltage
between two points (AKA potential, or electromotive force (EMF)). Period.
A water pressure measures the difference in pressure between the water in
the pipe, and the air, which doesn't seem obvious at first, because we're
embedded in it. The "other lead" of a water meter is the outside of the
diaphragm, which is exposed to air. This is where the water pipe model of
electricity kind of breaks down.


current is like the amount of water moving.


Yes, Now we're getting a little closer.

water coming out of a small pipe at high pressure is like having

^^^^^^^^^^^^^

high voltage but low current! you can stop the water with out to much

^^^^^^^^^^^^

Yes. Voltage is pressure. Rate of flow is current, like the current in
a river.


problem because the cubic feet per second isn't that great ! thus the
weight of the water is not that heavy.
now change the pipe to a large size, you now have a large volume of
water! even at a slow moving rate (low voltage), it can knock you over
due to the cubic feet of water hitting you! thus the weight factor.
so this all comes down to this.
given enough current (volume of the water) it can cause harm even
at slow moving speeds (voltage).

the speed (Volts) and cubic feet of water(current) is the
Electromotive force.


NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO!!!!!!!!!!

Speed is just another aspect of flow rate. VOLTAGE IS PRESSURE!!!

i have used this to explain to young one's about electricity


Well, you've been wrong.


and many
to this day have learned well on this theory the difference between
VOLTS and AMPS!


Well, STOP!


hope that helps you also.


Don't worry, now that you've been corrected, it might.

Thanks,
Rich

Rich, i bet you call you DICK in for short.
Click to expand...

gets to the point very fast.
 
JeffM wrote:
Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.
Jamie

NO!.....Voltage is _PRESSURE_
Rich Grise


Electromotive FORCE, actually.

Force
----- = pressure
area

Electricity has no analogous equivalent for pressure.
Click to expand...
Voltage is a 'potential function'. It is a scalar function of position.
Force, on the other hand, is a vector function of position.

If you think of a wire, and a voltage difference along the wire, you can
see that the electric field is really being directed along the wire. So,
if you take a charge, and move it along the wire from one point to
another point, you'll do work on that charge because of the force
imparted on the charge by the field. The amount of work you do will be
the energy required. However, this amount of energy depends on the
amount of charge you move. More charge = more force. Thus, by dividing
out the amount of charge you used, you get a value which is independent
of the amount of charge. This is the voltage.

It's formally defined as the negative of the path integral of the
electric field between any two points. Since the electric field is
simply the vector equal to force on a charge divided by the charge, it's
easy to see that voltage is really just the difference in potential
energy, divided by the charge used to measure the energy. It's units are
joules/coulomb, which makes sense.

As far as analogies go, you think of the electric field as being like
the acceleration of gravity. Gravity is a vector field, pointing
downwards (the gravitational field). The resultant force on an object is
the field at that point, times the mass of that object. The 'voltage'
between two points, in this domain, would be the path integral of the
field (ie, acceleration of gravity) along the path between those two
points. In the gravitational realm, voltage is thus simply the
difference in height times a constant (assuming a constant gravitational
field). Given the right units, it would just be difference in height.
The potential energy difference between these two heights is the mass of
the object times this potential difference. Letting an object fall
through this height will give you a corresponding amount of kinetic energy.

Thus, voltage is neither pressure nor force. It's a way to predict the
amount of work you can get from an electric field.

The water analogy is that the electric field is like gravity, charge is
like mass, the rate of change of mass along some path is current, and
voltage is the difference in height between different pools. Voltage
differences don't make the mass want to move; it's paths along the
gravity vector that makes water move. Resistance is flow restriction of
the path. Power obtainable is head (which is height) * flow rate. etc, etc.

---
Regards,
Bob Monsen
 
If you had equated pressure to voltage, your analogy would be quite a lot
better. Not great, not true, but commonly used.
You can have a voltage with no flow. This can be high or low. If you have no
water flow- there is no "speed". Your analogy breaks down right away. Note
that you are also involving a speed when you talk about cu ft/sec which
comes down to mass*velocity at a given measurement point. You can also have
high or low water current at a given high or low voltage.
Your analogy breaks down immediately ,and, if the student has to learn
more, he or she will have to unlearn a lot.
The old, commonly used analogy is better than what you are presenting. It
has its faults but all analogies do.

While Bob Monsen is right it is not absolutely necessary to start with
field concepts, and basic circuit theory doesn't actually require
these concepts so the pressure<>voltage , current<> flow analogy goes a lot
further conceptually than what you are using.

--
Don Kelly
dhky@peeshaw.ca
remove the urine to answer

"Jamie" <jamie_5_not_valid_after_5_Please@charter.net> wrote in message
news:qOJje.31547$rt1.11721@fe04.lga...
Music Man wrote:

How is a volt defined.
If a 9 volt battery can start a car,creating a very large current how
does
it differ from a 9 volt battery?
Is it due to the amount of ionised material available?
Is it the amount of P.D between both terminals that creates the amount
of
voltage(pressure) available?
If an object has a large amount of free electrons or extra ones does
that
mean the voltage potential would be higher?
As for static electricity,is this a state of an object being ionised?

Thanks


1 Volt is the results of 1 amp of current in a 1 ohm Resistor.

i also have explain this in different terms when educating youths

Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.
current is like the amount of water moving.

water coming out of a small pipe at high pressure is like having
high voltage but low current! you can stop the water with out to much
problem because the cubic feet per second isn't that great ! thus the
weight of the water is not that heavy.
now change the pipe to a large size, you now have a large volume of
water! even at a slow moving rate (low voltage), it can knock you over
due to the cubic feet of water hitting you! thus the weight factor.
so this all comes down to this.
given enough current (volume of the water) it can cause harm even
at slow moving speeds (voltage).

the speed (Volts) and cubic feet of water(current) is the
Electromotive force.

i have used this to explain to young one's about electricity and many
to this day have learned well on this theory the difference between
VOLTS and AMPS!

hope that helps you also.
Click to expand...
 
Strictly speaking, the Ampere is the primary *defined* SI unit of
electricity. All other units follow from there.

Although 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb / sec, that's a statement of equivalency to
charge carriers. The older standard definition is (although I believe
it's getting updated)

1 Amp is that current, when flowing in two rectilinear conductors of
negligible cross section, 1 metre apart in vacuuo, will produce a force
(due to magnetic fields, my comment) of 2 x 10^-7 Newtons between them.
 
That's one thing I never understood -- why the SI comittees never chose
the Coulomb as the "fundemental" unit, but instead chose the Ampere.
The Amp is a derived unit equivalent to the rate of charge, while
charge itself is the 'more' fundemental unit.

They need to define a new unit of charge that is a mole of electrons
(or charge), also -- but since all other common useage units (Farad,
Henry, Ohm, etc.) are already in use, this new unit would only be
academic.

JMO
 
Voltage is like water moving at a set rate of speed.
Jamie

NO!.....Voltage is _PRESSURE_
Rich Grise

Electromotive FORCE, actually.
Click to expand...

Force
----- = pressure
area

Electricity has no analogous equivalent for pressure.
 
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