Physics Quiz...

F

Fred Bloggs

Guest
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
> So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust, it really takes off.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney
 
On 23/04/2023 13:44, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman
wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes
off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the
vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating,
rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the
vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need
practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around
the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing
vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much
faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the
trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to
the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a
wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust,
it really takes off.

Its diameter changes quite radically when it is no longer being squashed
by the weight of the car and so although it was previously rolling with
constant velocity at radius r when loaded the sudden loss of load means
the tyre expands to about 10-15% larger radius R ~ 1.1r where it is in
contact with the road. The car may also slow down with one wheel missing
if the driver has any road sense at all.

Angular momentum is conserved in the short term so the wheel now has a
linear velocity increase by about 10-15% compared to the car.

BTW Wheels shouldn\'t drop off properly maintained vehicles.

I only know of one hapless individual with no engineering or mechanical
sense at all who was actually passed by one of their own wheels.

--
Martin Brown
 
On Sunday, 23 April 2023 at 12:49:24 UTC+1, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

a hill, obviously
 
On Sunday, 23 April 2023 at 14:53:35 UTC+1, Tabby wrote:
On Sunday, 23 April 2023 at 12:49:24 UTC+1, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

a hill, obviously

and easing off the gas pedal could cause the tyre to overtake, maybe creating the illusion that it\'s accelerating
 
In article <9d6d330a-b568-49ac-a059-d25b49dc99dfn@googlegroups.com>,
bill.sloman@ieee.org says...
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

I was in a car that a rear wheel came off while the car was doing 40
mph. The wheel passed us and a few seconds later the rear of the car
started to fall.
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:01:07 AM UTC-4, Fred Bloggs wrote:
> So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The vehicle\'s speed is controlled by the motor. It can provide both force to accelerate and drag to slow. You don\'t say anything about which is happening in this case, if either.

Someone has pointed out that the wheel\'s diameter is now larger. That would tap the rotational inertia, turning it into linear velocity, but it won\'t be a large amount, certainly single digit percent, since the size difference is on that scale. That doesn\'t sound like \"much faster\".

--

Rick C.

- Get 1,000 miles of free Supercharging
- Tesla referral code - https://ts.la/richard11209
 
On 23/04/2023 16:39, Ricky wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:01:07 AM UTC-4, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The vehicle\'s speed is controlled by the motor. It can provide both force to accelerate and drag to slow. You don\'t say anything about which is happening in this case, if either.

Someone has pointed out that the wheel\'s diameter is now larger. That would tap the rotational inertia, turning it into linear velocity, but it won\'t be a large amount, certainly single digit percent, since the size difference is on that scale. That doesn\'t sound like \"much faster\".

The effective diameter of the wheel is proportional to the radius. The
effective radius is from axle centre to road surface. Take away the
load and that\'s quite a significant change in effective diameter.

--
Cheers
Clive
 
On 2023/04/23 4:01 a.m., Fred Bloggs wrote:
> So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The wheel can\'t accelerate without an external force being added to it -
it has no means of self propulsion. Laws of the conservation of momentum
apply as usual.

Rather the vehicle the wheel left has started to decelerate due to
increased drag on the other three axles and as the vehicle side missing
a wheel drops to the pavement.

John :-#)#
 
On Sun, 23 Apr 2023 10:02:54 -0700, John Robertson <jrr@flippers.com>
wrote:

On 2023/04/23 4:01 a.m., Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The wheel can\'t accelerate without an external force being added to it -
it has no means of self propulsion. Laws of the conservation of momentum
apply as usual.

A wheel can store energy in the rubber. Before it was turned loose,
there was torque, which flexed the rubber. And compression.
 
On 4/23/2023 9:39 AM, Martin Brown wrote:
On 23/04/2023 13:44, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman
wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes
off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the
vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating,
rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the
vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need
practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around
the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing
vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much
faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the
trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to
the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a
wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust,
it really takes off.

Its diameter changes quite radically when it is no longer being squashed
by the weight of the car and so although it was previously rolling with
constant velocity at radius r when loaded the sudden loss of load means
the tyre expands to about 10-15% larger radius R ~ 1.1r where it is in
contact with the road. The car may also slow down with one wheel missing
if the driver has any road sense at all.

Angular momentum is conserved in the short term so the wheel now has a
linear velocity increase by about 10-15% compared to the car.

BTW Wheels shouldn\'t drop off properly maintained vehicles.

<https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3-wk1CYv8JY>

<https://www.drivingline.com/articles/wheel-spacer-facts-what-to-know-before-you-buy/>

I only know of one hapless individual with no engineering or mechanical
sense at all who was actually passed by one of their own wheels.

Doesn\'t look like this wheel \"outpaced\" the vehicle it came off of, it
kept pace rather nicely right into oncoming traffic. (all occupants
survived with minor injuries)
 
On 4/23/2023 8:44 AM, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust, it really takes off.

It seems like a potentially complex process, particularly if it\'s one of
the drive wheels in a modern car with traction control, and/or the wheel
isn\'t in full contact with the pavement when it separates.
 
On 23/04/2023 18:02, John Robertson wrote:
On 2023/04/23 4:01 a.m., Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off
and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle.
Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much
faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly?
Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.

The wheel can\'t accelerate without an external force being added to it -
it has no means of self propulsion. Laws of the conservation of momentum
apply as usual.

Rather the vehicle the wheel left has started to decelerate due to
increased drag on the other three axles and as the vehicle side missing
a wheel drops to the pavement.

John :-#)#

The wheel is rotating at some rate and has rotational inertia - it can\'t
instantly change its rotational rate. Then, all of a sudden it detaches
and as a result the important radius, that between axle and ground,
increases, so its road speed increases.

--
Cheers
Clive
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 3:20:36 PM UTC-4, bitrex wrote:
On 4/23/2023 9:39 AM, Martin Brown wrote:
On 23/04/2023 13:44, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman
wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes
off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the
vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating,
rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the
vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need
practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around
the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing
vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much
faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the
trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to
the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a
wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust,
it really takes off.

Its diameter changes quite radically when it is no longer being squashed
by the weight of the car and so although it was previously rolling with
constant velocity at radius r when loaded the sudden loss of load means
the tyre expands to about 10-15% larger radius R ~ 1.1r where it is in
contact with the road. The car may also slow down with one wheel missing
if the driver has any road sense at all.

Angular momentum is conserved in the short term so the wheel now has a
linear velocity increase by about 10-15% compared to the car.

BTW Wheels shouldn\'t drop off properly maintained vehicles.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3-wk1CYv8JY

Totally irrelevant.

https://www.drivingline.com/articles/wheel-spacer-facts-what-to-know-before-you-buy/

I only know of one hapless individual with no engineering or mechanical
sense at all who was actually passed by one of their own wheels.

Doesn\'t look like this wheel \"outpaced\" the vehicle it came off of, it
kept pace rather nicely right into oncoming traffic. (all occupants
survived with minor injuries)
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:39:16 AM UTC-4, Martin Brown wrote:
On 23/04/2023 13:44, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24 AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman
wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07 PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes
off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the
vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating,
rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the
vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need
practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around
the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing
vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much
faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the
trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to
the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a
wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust,
it really takes off.
Its diameter changes quite radically when it is no longer being squashed
by the weight of the car and so although it was previously rolling with
constant velocity at radius r when loaded the sudden loss of load means
the tyre expands to about 10-15% larger radius R ~ 1.1r where it is in
contact with the road. The car may also slow down with one wheel missing
if the driver has any road sense at all.

Angular momentum is conserved in the short term so the wheel now has a
linear velocity increase by about 10-15% compared to the car.

Doesn\'t the increased radius increase the angular moment of inertia about the centroid, thereby slowing the rotational speed to conserve angular momentum? But you hit on one of two causes for speed increase. Having the weight of the vehicle suddenly removed means the effective friction between the tire and the road, caused by having to overcome that weighted flat spot where road and tread meets, is completely eliminated. The flat spot effect has been traditionally modelled as continuously have to apply translational force to push the tire out of a rut the depth of the flat spot. These days they probably use finite element analysis to make it more accurate, but that\'s essentially it. But it doesn\'t explain the increase in rotational speed.

There\'s a second element hit on by JL, and that is the ability of tire to store energy in its elasticity. These runaway tires almost always break into a bounce, they can bounce really high, and then they really start flying.

BTW Wheels shouldn\'t drop off properly maintained vehicles.

I only know of one hapless individual with no engineering or mechanical
sense at all who was actually passed by one of their own wheels.

Worst thing is when they bounce into oncoming traffic, which almost always causes a serious wreck. Or they could hit a pedestrian on a sidewalk, which almost always kills them.

--
Martin Brown
 
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 1:03:04 PM UTC-4, John Robertson wrote:
On 2023/04/23 4:01 a.m., Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The wheel can\'t accelerate without an external force being added to it -
it has no means of self propulsion. Laws of the conservation of momentum
apply as usual.

Think of a figure skater doing one of those stationary spins. Arms outstretched is one spin rate, arms brought into the side and they turn into a blur.. No external forces come into play.

Rather the vehicle the wheel left has started to decelerate due to
increased drag on the other three axles and as the vehicle side missing
a wheel drops to the pavement.

John :-#)#
 
On Sun, 23 Apr 2023 15:19:40 -0700 (PDT), Fred Bloggs
<bloggs.fredbloggs.fred@gmail.com> wrote:

On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 1:03:04?PM UTC-4, John Robertson wrote:
On 2023/04/23 4:01 a.m., Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The wheel can\'t accelerate without an external force being added to it -
it has no means of self propulsion. Laws of the conservation of momentum
apply as usual.

Think of a figure skater doing one of those stationary spins. Arms outstretched is one spin rate, arms brought into the side and they turn into a blur. No external forces come into play.

The skater must use muscle power to pull her arms in. The work done in
pulling her arms in is converted to energy stored in the spinning mass
of her body, and is recoverable.
 
On Sun, 23 Apr 2023 15:30:24 -0400, bitrex <user@example.net> wrote:

On 4/23/2023 8:44 AM, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24?AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07?PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust, it really takes off.

It seems like a potentially complex process, particularly if it\'s one of
the drive wheels in a modern car with traction control, and/or the wheel
isn\'t in full contact with the pavement when it separates.

If it bounces up before it breaks off, the differential (assume it has
one) could spin it way up.

It\'s too complex to analyze.
 
On Sunday, 23 April 2023 at 23:48:05 UTC+1, John Larkin wrote:
On Sun, 23 Apr 2023 15:30:24 -0400, bitrex <us...@example.net> wrote:

On 4/23/2023 8:44 AM, Fred Bloggs wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 7:49:24?AM UTC-4, Anthony William Sloman wrote:
On Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 9:01:07?PM UTC+10, Fred Bloggs wrote:
So a vehicle is driving down the road when an entire wheel comes off and continues its direction unchanged rolling alongside the vehicle. Question is why does the wheel end up accelerating, rolling much faster than its original speed, outpacing the vehicle significantly? Answer should be obvious, but you need practical insight.
The only thing that could accelerate it would be the airflow around the vehicle body, which would be associated with trailing vortices.

It seems unlikely than any of them could make the wheel rotate much faster than it\'s original speed - it would outrun the car and the trailing vortices - unless it was moving sideways with respect to the rest of the car, and out into the wake.

Alright, you\'re getting close. From what I\'ve personally observed, a wheel dropping off the vehicle leaves the vehicle behind in the dust, it really takes off.

It seems like a potentially complex process, particularly if it\'s one of
the drive wheels in a modern car with traction control, and/or the wheel
isn\'t in full contact with the pavement when it separates.
If it bounces up before it breaks off, the differential (assume it has
one) could spin it way up.

And no mention yet of the fact that the last bolt to let go is going to put force on the tyre in some direction. What direction I couldn\'t say.

> It\'s too complex to analyze.

+1
 

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