Physicists achive fusion with net energy gain for the second time...

[Jan Panteltje]

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

 

[Glen Walpert]

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Meanwhile ITER has been an underfunded political football for so long it
has gone completely obsolete before completion. But there has been a lot
of progress in fusion energy research. Once perpetually 30 years away, it
is now perpetually only 10 years away . It is very likely that one of
the compact spherical toroidal reactors such as NSTU-X will achieve
continuous breakeven fusion before ITER is run for the first time. Much
smaller and cheaper reactor designed to take advantage of the ~3x stronger
magnetic field available from new high temperature (LN2) magnets.

https://www.pppl.gov/research/projects/nstx-u

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two
minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR, the
predecessor to ITER. I don\'t know why they don\'t mention this storage
system anywhere, it is based on a modified 650 MVA hydroelectric generator
with a 3-phase rotor driven by a large VFD, big series-parallel array of
IGBT modules, such that the rotor field can be rotated relative to
physical position in the usual VSCF manner used in windmills and aircraft
generators. It is started with the rotor field rotating at the same speed
ad the stator field, gradually slowed and then reversed to bring the rotor
up to 150% of synchronous speed, then it is switched to generator mode and
dragged down to half synchronous speed over 2 minutes while delivering
~650 MW to the test reactor. The entire campus has only 130 MVA available
from the grid. (I got a tour of the facility from one to their power
engineers after completing a test of their 3.6 MVA backup generator, which
keeps critical cooling pumps going if utility power is lost.)

Lots of other interesting fusion research going on too. I think they are
mostly trying to keep a low profile so that the fossil fuel companies do
not feel obligated to pay politicians to cut funding like they did with
fission power. We could have had breeder reactors, which can achieve 80%
fuel utilization compared to 2% from first generation LWR reactors, but
development was shut down 50 years ago by an amazingly effective anti-nuke
campaign funded almost entirely by fossil fuel companies. Nuke is too
dangerous, let\'s stick with something 3 orders of magnitude more
dangerous.

 

[Jan Panteltje]

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
<nospam@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1.90839@fx09.iad>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Does not John Larkin supply equipment for them?

Meanwhile ITER has been an underfunded political football for so long it
has gone completely obsolete before completion. But there has been a lot
of progress in fusion energy research. Once perpetually 30 years away, it
is now perpetually only 10 years away . It is very likely that one of
the compact spherical toroidal reactors such as NSTU-X will achieve
continuous breakeven fusion before ITER is run for the first time. Much
smaller and cheaper reactor designed to take advantage of the ~3x stronger
magnetic field available from new high temperature (LN2) magnets.

https://www.pppl.gov/research/projects/nstx-u

Interesting site
76% ready now, we will see..

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two
minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR, the
predecessor to ITER. I don\'t know why they don\'t mention this storage
system anywhere, it is based on a modified 650 MVA hydroelectric generator
with a 3-phase rotor driven by a large VFD, big series-parallel array of
IGBT modules, such that the rotor field can be rotated relative to
physical position in the usual VSCF manner used in windmills and aircraft
generators. It is started with the rotor field rotating at the same speed
ad the stator field, gradually slowed and then reversed to bring the rotor
up to 150% of synchronous speed, then it is switched to generator mode and
dragged down to half synchronous speed over 2 minutes while delivering
~650 MW to the test reactor. The entire campus has only 130 MVA available
from the grid. (I got a tour of the facility from one to their power
engineers after completing a test of their 3.6 MVA backup generator, which
keeps critical cooling pumps going if utility power is lost.)

My idea is: If you cannot do it on the deskop (with break even) then you cannot do it in a machine the size of the universe.

Lots of other interesting fusion research going on too. I think they are
mostly trying to keep a low profile so that the fossil fuel companies do
not feel obligated to pay politicians to cut funding like they did with
fission power. We could have had breeder reactors, which can achieve 80%
fuel utilization compared to 2% from first generation LWR reactors, but
development was shut down 50 years ago by an amazingly effective anti-nuke
campaign funded almost entirely by fossil fuel companies. Nuke is too
dangerous, let\'s stick with something 3 orders of magnitude more
dangerous.

Here 2 new nuclear power plants are planned.
We really need the power, the grid is full, we need a new grid too,
especially if al cars go electric.

I liked the Farnsworth fusor, unfortunately it seems to be a factor 10^6 below break even..
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusor
even kids have build one:
https://hackaday.com/2019/02/22/12-year-old-builds-successful-fusor-at-home/

ITER? I think, if it ever starts up, they will conclude they need a bigger one,
just like CERN, political project ever bigger no output.

 

[Mike Monett VE3BTI]

Glen Walpert <nospam@null.void> wrote:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the
actual purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project
has no deliverables available to anyone not working on the development
of the next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which
need to cool for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made
so efficient that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Meanwhile ITER has been an underfunded political football for so long it
has gone completely obsolete before completion. But there has been a
lot of progress in fusion energy research. Once perpetually 30 years
away, it is now perpetually only 10 years away . It is very likely
that one of the compact spherical toroidal reactors such as NSTU-X will
achieve continuous breakeven fusion before ITER is run for the first
time. Much smaller and cheaper reactor designed to take advantage of
the ~3x stronger magnetic field available from new high temperature
(LN2) magnets.

https://www.pppl.gov/research/projects/nstx-u

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two
minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR,
the predecessor to ITER. I don\'t know why they don\'t mention this
storage system anywhere, it is based on a modified 650 MVA hydroelectric
generator with a 3-phase rotor driven by a large VFD, big
series-parallel array of IGBT modules, such that the rotor field can be
rotated relative to physical position in the usual VSCF manner used in
windmills and aircraft generators. It is started with the rotor field
rotating at the same speed ad the stator field, gradually slowed and
then reversed to bring the rotor up to 150% of synchronous speed, then
it is switched to generator mode and dragged down to half synchronous
speed over 2 minutes while delivering ~650 MW to the test reactor. The
entire campus has only 130 MVA available from the grid. (I got a tour
of the facility from one to their power engineers after completing a
test of their 3.6 MVA backup generator, which keeps critical cooling
pumps going if utility power is lost.)

Lots of other interesting fusion research going on too. I think they
are mostly trying to keep a low profile so that the fossil fuel
companies do not feel obligated to pay politicians to cut funding like
they did with fission power. We could have had breeder reactors, which
can achieve 80% fuel utilization compared to 2% from first generation
LWR reactors, but development was shut down 50 years ago by an amazingly
effective anti-nuke campaign funded almost entirely by fossil fuel
companies. Nuke is too dangerous, let\'s stick with something 3 orders
of magnitude more dangerous.

Fusion will always remain 93 million miles away.

1. Typical problems with different approaches:

The problems with Helion Energy - a response to Real Engineering
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vUPhsFoniw

2. Solution:

Forget Fusion: We have Thorium for Unlimited Energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqYdPhv-T30




--
MRM

 

[Anthony William Sloman]

On Wednesday, August 9, 2023 at 1:01:23 PM UTC+10, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote:

Glen Walpert <nos...@null.void> wrote:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the
actual purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project
has no deliverables available to anyone not working on the development
of the next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which
need to cool for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made
so efficient that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Meanwhile ITER has been an underfunded political football for so long it
has gone completely obsolete before completion. But there has been a
lot of progress in fusion energy research. Once perpetually 30 years
away, it is now perpetually only 10 years away . It is very likely
that one of the compact spherical toroidal reactors such as NSTU-X will
achieve continuous breakeven fusion before ITER is run for the first
time. Much smaller and cheaper reactor designed to take advantage of
the ~3x stronger magnetic field available from new high temperature
(LN2) magnets.

https://www.pppl.gov/research/projects/nstx-u

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two
minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR,
the predecessor to ITER. I don\'t know why they don\'t mention this
storage system anywhere, it is based on a modified 650 MVA hydroelectric
generator with a 3-phase rotor driven by a large VFD, big
series-parallel array of IGBT modules, such that the rotor field can be
rotated relative to physical position in the usual VSCF manner used in
windmills and aircraft generators. It is started with the rotor field
rotating at the same speed ad the stator field, gradually slowed and
then reversed to bring the rotor up to 150% of synchronous speed, then
it is switched to generator mode and dragged down to half synchronous
speed over 2 minutes while delivering ~650 MW to the test reactor. The
entire campus has only 130 MVA available from the grid. (I got a tour
of the facility from one to their power engineers after completing a
test of their 3.6 MVA backup generator, which keeps critical cooling
pumps going if utility power is lost.)

Lots of other interesting fusion research going on too. I think they
are mostly trying to keep a low profile so that the fossil fuel
companies do not feel obligated to pay politicians to cut funding like
they did with fission power. We could have had breeder reactors, which
can achieve 80% fuel utilization compared to 2% from first generation
LWR reactors, but development was shut down 50 years ago by an amazingly
effective anti-nuke campaign funded almost entirely by fossil fuel
companies. Nuke is too dangerous, let\'s stick with something 3 orders
of magnitude more dangerous.

Fusion will always remain 93 million miles away.

It won\'t, but it is going to take quite a while to get it to work down here.. I\'m sure that we will eventually work out some way of getting to to work.. but I\'d be a bit surprised if were any of the current approaches

<snipped U-tube tedium>

Thorium fission is just U-233 fission.It\'s one recommendation is that it doesn\'t produced P-239 as an unavoidable by-product. In every other respect it is just as dirty as U-235 fission. and we still haven\'t got a proper nuclear waste repository anywhere.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney

 

[whit3rd]

On Tuesday, August 8, 2023 at 8:09:52 AM UTC-7, Jan Panteltje wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
nos...@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1....@fx09.iad>:

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two
minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR, the
predecessor to ITER.

My idea is: If you cannot do it on the deskop (with break even) then you cannot do it in a machine the size of the universe.

Well, we can\'t do useful fusion power on a desktop, but Sol does it without
\'the size of the universe\'.

So, your \"it\" either isn\'t useful fusion, or your idea is false.

 

[Jan Panteltje]

On a sunny day (Wed, 9 Aug 2023 04:28:00 -0700 (PDT)) it happened whit3rd
<whit3rd@gmail.com> wrote in
<f24e1786-6424-47aa-9605-3fe5c6f9d864n@googlegroups.com>:

On Tuesday, August 8, 2023 at 8:09:52 AM UTC-7, Jan Panteltje wrote=
:
On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert=

nos...@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1....@fx09.iad>:

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two=

minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR, t=
he
predecessor to ITER.

My idea is: If you cannot do it on the deskop (with break even) then you =
cannot do it in a machine the size of the universe.

Well, we can\'t do useful fusion power on a desktop, but Sol does it without
\'the size of the universe\'.

So, your \"it\" either isn\'t useful fusion, or your idea is false.

Oh it is, it basically says: Do a small scale experiment that has break-even.
Building ever bigger things will not help.
Look at it from the viewpoint of the particles you want to fuse.
For them very little space is needed, as for example the Farnsworth fusor shows.
Use that space.
Or do I have to spell out for you humming beans how to do it?
mm maybe your species is not ready for it.
I will maybe ask the stars again.
;-)

So, thing likely won\'t break even when this version is ready.
No problem, enough Uranium around and fission works,
they want those reactors too to make plutonium for bombs.
Voyager spacecraft is still transmitting using a RTG.

 

[Anthony William Sloman]

On Wednesday, August 9, 2023 at 10:20:27 PM UTC+10, Jan Panteltje wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 9 Aug 2023 04:28:00 -0700 (PDT)) it happened whit3rd
whi...@gmail.com> wrote in
f24e1786-6424-47aa...@googlegroups.com>:

On Tuesday, August 8, 2023 at 8:09:52 AM UTC-7, Jan Panteltje wrote=
:
On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert=

nos...@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1....@fx09.iad>:

NSTU-X is using water cooled copper magnets which they can run for two=

minutes from the same rotary energy storage system they used for TFTR, t=
he
predecessor to ITER.

My idea is: If you cannot do it on the deskop (with break even) then you > >cannot do it in a machine the size of the universe.

Well, we can\'t do useful fusion power on a desktop, but Sol does it without
\'the size of the universe\'.

So, your \"it\" either isn\'t useful fusion, or your idea is false.

Oh it is, it basically says: Do a small scale experiment that has break-even.
Building ever bigger things will not help.

Frequently it does.

> Look at it from the viewpoint of the particles you want to fuse.

Not a useful point of view.

> For them very little space is needed, as for example the Farnsworth fusor shows.

So CERN doesn\'t need to be a s big as it is? The area where the particle interact is quite small, but getting the particles into a state to interact in a useful way takes miles of accelerator.

> Use that space.

Not helpful advice.

> Or do I have to spell out for you human beings how to do it? mm maybe your species is not ready for it.

Or maybe you don\'t know what you are talking about.

> I will maybe ask the stars again. ;-)

But you\'ve got no idea where your answers are coming from.

> So, thing likely won\'t break even when this version is ready.

As if Jan had a clue.

> No problem, enough Uranium around and fission works, they want those reactors too to make plutonium for bombs.

Since nobody has yet set up a long term repository for nuclear fission waste. this is even more irresponsible than giving the military atomic bombs.

> Voyager spacecraft is still transmitting using a RTG.

And it isn\'t going to mess up our backyard after it cools off enough to stop it working, when it will still be radioactive enough to be decidedly dangerous.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney

 

[John Larkin]

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 15:09:44 GMT, Jan Panteltje
<alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
nospam@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1.90839@fx09.iad>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Does not John Larkin supply equipment for them?

Yes, the master timing system and two generations of beam
modulators.

Here\'s a 2nd gen modulator chassis, units delivered last
year. They mount their dual-stage Mach-Zender optical
modulator inside.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/vjzhoths9v55gpq/Man_Front_1.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/29ttap9urihhep1/T500_Top_Final.jpg?raw=1

This gives them better modulation control (more bandwidth,
better s/n) than our older boxes. The giant aluminum block
is an oven that stabilizes the e/o modulator. The heaters
are mosfets.

 

[Jan Panteltje]

On a sunny day (Wed, 09 Aug 2023 07:21:12 -0700) it happened John Larkin
<jjlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote in
<kl77dip788k3ma1csctq54bnrtbu66vnk6@4ax.com>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 15:09:44 GMT, Jan Panteltje
alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
nospam@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1.90839@fx09.iad>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Does not John Larkin supply equipment for them?

Yes, the master timing system and two generations of beam
modulators.

Here\'s a 2nd gen modulator chassis, units delivered last
year. They mount their dual-stage Mach-Zender optical
modulator inside.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/vjzhoths9v55gpq/Man_Front_1.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/29ttap9urihhep1/T500_Top_Final.jpg?raw=1

This gives them better modulation control (more bandwidth,
better s/n) than our older boxes. The giant aluminum block
is an oven that stabilizes the e/o modulator. The heaters
are mosfets.

Nice box!
Where does it get power from, mains?
I do not see any power connector?

 

[John Larkin]

On Wed, 09 Aug 2023 16:00:08 GMT, Jan Panteltje
<alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 09 Aug 2023 07:21:12 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jjlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote in
kl77dip788k3ma1csctq54bnrtbu66vnk6@4ax.com>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 15:09:44 GMT, Jan Panteltje
alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
nospam@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1.90839@fx09.iad>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Does not John Larkin supply equipment for them?

Yes, the master timing system and two generations of beam
modulators.

Here\'s a 2nd gen modulator chassis, units delivered last
year. They mount their dual-stage Mach-Zender optical
modulator inside.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/vjzhoths9v55gpq/Man_Front_1.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/29ttap9urihhep1/T500_Top_Final.jpg?raw=1

This gives them better modulation control (more bandwidth,
better s/n) than our older boxes. The giant aluminum block
is an oven that stabilizes the e/o modulator. The heaters
are mosfets.

Nice box!
Where does it get power from, mains?
I do not see any power connector?

We use a 24 volt laptop type power supply. That avoided a
bunch of safety reviwews.

The upper ribbon cable brings the power in from a little
board, not visible, with a locking barrel connector.

 

[Jan Panteltje]

On a sunny day (Wed, 09 Aug 2023 09:11:57 -0700) it happened John Larkin
<jjlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote in
<uge7dip3aphojiomb1ntni206gi7m7o7tb@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 09 Aug 2023 16:00:08 GMT, Jan Panteltje
alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 09 Aug 2023 07:21:12 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jjlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote in
kl77dip788k3ma1csctq54bnrtbu66vnk6@4ax.com>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 15:09:44 GMT, Jan Panteltje
alien@comet.invalid> wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 08 Aug 2023 12:36:01 GMT) it happened Glen Walpert
nospam@null.void> wrote in <REqAM.325523$U3w1.90839@fx09.iad>:

On Tue, 08 Aug 2023 03:32:12 GMT, Jan Panteltje wrote:

Physicists achieve fusion with net energy gain for second time
https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/physicists-achieve-fusion-net-
energy-gain-for-second-time/

Not counting mains power used for the equipment....
that is still a factor 100 or so higher.

Another bit of propaganda intended to deceive the public about the actual
purpose of inertial confinement fusion testing. The LLNL project has no
deliverables available to anyone not working on the development of the
next generation H-bomb, and the notion that the lasers, which need to cool
for more than an hour between shots, could somehow be made so efficient
that wall-plug break even could be obtained is laughable.

Does not John Larkin supply equipment for them?

Yes, the master timing system and two generations of beam
modulators.

Here\'s a 2nd gen modulator chassis, units delivered last
year. They mount their dual-stage Mach-Zender optical
modulator inside.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/vjzhoths9v55gpq/Man_Front_1.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/29ttap9urihhep1/T500_Top_Final.jpg?raw=1

This gives them better modulation control (more bandwidth,
better s/n) than our older boxes. The giant aluminum block
is an oven that stabilizes the e/o modulator. The heaters
are mosfets.

Nice box!
Where does it get power from, mains?
I do not see any power connector?

We use a 24 volt laptop type power supply. That avoided a
bunch of safety reviwews.

Right, did something like that just a few days ago, this one on a 9 V (adjustable) wallwart.

The upper ribbon cable brings the power in from a little
board, not visible, with a locking barrel connector.