LED forward voltage drop with temperature

J

John S

Guest
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?
 
On 4/22/2020 11:14 AM, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 10:55:04 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org
wrote:

LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Probably depends on the current. Low current follows the diode
equation, ntc, but at high current voltage drop is dominated by the
ohmic component, with a positive TC. Basically all diodes do that.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4ntmq7fdzah69a/LED_Isrc_data.JPG?raw=1

At the right current, the voltage tempco of the LED cancels the tempco
of the transistor Vbe. This current source tempco was probably
dominated by the emitter resistor.

Thanks, John.
 
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 10:55:04 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org>
wrote:

LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Probably depends on the current. Low current follows the diode
equation, ntc, but at high current voltage drop is dominated by the
ohmic component, with a positive TC. Basically all diodes do that.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4ntmq7fdzah69a/LED_Isrc_data.JPG?raw=1

At the right current, the voltage tempco of the LED cancels the tempco
of the transistor Vbe. This current source tempco was probably
dominated by the emitter resistor.





--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc

Science teaches us to doubt.

Claude Bernard
 
On 4/22/2020 11:14 AM, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 10:55:04 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org
wrote:

LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Probably depends on the current. Low current follows the diode
equation, ntc, but at high current voltage drop is dominated by the
ohmic component, with a positive TC. Basically all diodes do that.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4ntmq7fdzah69a/LED_Isrc_data.JPG?raw=1

At the right current, the voltage tempco of the LED cancels the tempco
of the transistor Vbe. This current source tempco was probably
dominated by the emitter resistor.

I guess I have not reached that point yet since the voltage drops as the
heat builds. As I said, contrary to my measurements.
 
On 4/22/2020 18:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

It depends on the LED colour to a huge extent. Not the direction, that
is, never checked that, but the stability.
A red LED is remarkably stable over temp, I investigated (and
used during initial prototyping as a reference voltage). I had seen it
ised as a reference in some competitor product so I tried; I used
a green first (unlike the red they had used) and it was just a temp
sensor, not a reference. Tried the red one and it worked.
This was almost 30 years ago though, LEDs today may not be the same
like the LEDs used to be back then. It was a 5mm red LED, this is all
I recall.

Dimiter

======================================================
Dimiter Popoff, TGI http://www.tgi-sci.com
======================================================
http://www.flickr.com/photos/didi_tgi/
 
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 12:04:19 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org>
wrote:

On 4/22/2020 11:14 AM, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 10:55:04 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org
wrote:

LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Probably depends on the current. Low current follows the diode
equation, ntc, but at high current voltage drop is dominated by the
ohmic component, with a positive TC. Basically all diodes do that.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4ntmq7fdzah69a/LED_Isrc_data.JPG?raw=1

At the right current, the voltage tempco of the LED cancels the tempco
of the transistor Vbe. This current source tempco was probably
dominated by the emitter resistor.


I guess I have not reached that point yet since the voltage drops as the
heat builds. As I said, contrary to my measurements.

The V:I curve should have a zero tempco point.

--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc
picosecond timing precision measurement

jlarkin att highlandtechnology dott com
http://www.highlandtechnology.com
 
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current. At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz

--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
On 4/22/2020 12:14 PM, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com wrote:
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 10:55:04 -0500, John S <Sophi.2@invalid.org
wrote:

LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Probably depends on the current. Low current follows the diode
equation, ntc, but at high current voltage drop is dominated by the
ohmic component, with a positive TC. Basically all diodes do that.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4ntmq7fdzah69a/LED_Isrc_data.JPG?raw=1

At the right current, the voltage tempco of the LED cancels the tempco
of the transistor Vbe. This current source tempco was probably
dominated by the emitter resistor.

In my own tests of lots of LEDs for forward voltage vs current and
temperature I found that 3mm diffused yellow LEDs, the old-timey type
made similar to red LEDs on gallium arsenide I believe, were on average
the best
 
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz

Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.
 
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 5:58:28 PM UTC-4, George Herold wrote:
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 4:47:39 PM UTC-4, John S wrote:
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz


Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

Versus temperature I know that different LED's change color
in different directions when dunked into LN2... so there are
mechanisms that go both ways.

My first order idea is that temperature causes the crystal to
expand. And the effect of a bigger x-tal spacing is a
lowering of the bandgap energy.. Which says
LED's shift to longer wavelengths when you heat them.
(at constant current.. I'm assuming the forward voltage
is some measure of the bandgap energy.)
Which agrees with my experience... but there are some LED's that go
the other way, and I don't know the mechanism.

George H.

There's this from the British journal of anesthesia. :^)
(it's weird what you find with search engines.)
https://www.bjanaesthesia.org.uk/article/S0007-0912(17)47891-3/pdf

GH
 
George Herold wrote:

===================
Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

** Try reading the damn heading - dickwad !!



..... Phil
 
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 4:47:39 PM UTC-4, John S wrote:
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz


Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

Versus temperature I know that different LED's change color
in different directions when dunked into LN2... so there are
mechanisms that go both ways.

My first order idea is that temperature causes the crystal to
expand. And the effect of a bigger x-tal spacing is a
lowering of the bandgap energy.. Which says
LED's shift to longer wavelengths when you heat them.
(at constant current.. I'm assuming the forward voltage
is some measure of the bandgap energy.)
Which agrees with my experience... but there are some LED's that go
the other way, and I don't know the mechanism.

George H.
 
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 15:22:13 -0700 (PDT), George Herold
<ggherold@gmail.com> wrote:

On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 5:58:28 PM UTC-4, George Herold wrote:
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 4:47:39 PM UTC-4, John S wrote:
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz


Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

Versus temperature I know that different LED's change color
in different directions when dunked into LN2... so there are
mechanisms that go both ways.

My first order idea is that temperature causes the crystal to
expand. And the effect of a bigger x-tal spacing is a
lowering of the bandgap energy.. Which says
LED's shift to longer wavelengths when you heat them.
(at constant current.. I'm assuming the forward voltage
is some measure of the bandgap energy.)
Which agrees with my experience... but there are some LED's that go
the other way, and I don't know the mechanism.

George H.

There's this from the British journal of anesthesia. :^)
(it's weird what you find with search engines.)
https://www.bjanaesthesia.org.uk/article/S0007-0912(17)47891-3/pdf

GH

Sure is weird and wonderful what you can find and in this case, where
!
But very appropriate ! Nice article actually if you're interested in
that kind of stuff, which I am.
 
John Larkin wrote:
The V:I curve should have a zero tempco point.

But where is that point relative to the useful current range?
 
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 6:22:27 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison wrote:
George Herold wrote:

===================


Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.


** Try reading the damn heading - dickwad !!



.... Phil

Well dick head, I did, and everyone seemed to be answering the
question of voltage drop vs current.

GH
 
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 6:41:21 PM UTC-4, boB wrote:
On Wed, 22 Apr 2020 15:22:13 -0700 (PDT), George Herold
ggherold@gmail.com> wrote:

On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 5:58:28 PM UTC-4, George Herold wrote:
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 4:47:39 PM UTC-4, John S wrote:
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz


Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

Versus temperature I know that different LED's change color
in different directions when dunked into LN2... so there are
mechanisms that go both ways.

My first order idea is that temperature causes the crystal to
expand. And the effect of a bigger x-tal spacing is a
lowering of the bandgap energy.. Which says
LED's shift to longer wavelengths when you heat them.
(at constant current.. I'm assuming the forward voltage
is some measure of the bandgap energy.)
Which agrees with my experience... but there are some LED's that go
the other way, and I don't know the mechanism.

George H.

There's this from the British journal of anesthesia. :^)
(it's weird what you find with search engines.)
https://www.bjanaesthesia.org.uk/article/S0007-0912(17)47891-3/pdf

GH


Sure is weird and wonderful what you can find and in this case, where
!
But very appropriate ! Nice article actually if you're interested in
that kind of stuff, which I am.

Oh, I'm sure someone at Bells labs, or some where did it in the
60's 70's...?

The 780 nm laser diodes I know tune about 1 nm with 4 deg C/K.

Things change with temperature,
it's both a blessing and a curse. :^)

George h.
 
On 2020-04-22 17:58, George Herold wrote:
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 4:47:39 PM UTC-4, John S wrote:
On 4/22/2020 12:52 PM, Phil Hobbs wrote:
On 2020-04-22 11:55, John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

Depends on the drive current.  At low current it looks like a diode
(NTC), whereas at high current the resistance (PTC) dominates.

Cheers

Phil Hobbz


Thank you one and all for your help.

I guess I can't go any further without making some actual measurements
rather than relying SPICE sims. I hope to do that soon.

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.

Versus temperature I know that different LED's change color
in different directions when dunked into LN2... so there are
mechanisms that go both ways.

That's interesting. All the diode lasers I know of tune towards the
blue at low temperature.

My first order idea is that temperature causes the crystal to
expand. And the effect of a bigger x-tal spacing is a
lowering of the bandgap energy.. Which says
LED's shift to longer wavelengths when you heat them.
(at constant current.. I'm assuming the forward voltage
is some measure of the bandgap energy.)
Which agrees with my experience... but there are some LED's that go
the other way, and I don't know the mechanism.

Phosphide LEDs hardly tune at all with bias current, but nitride ones
tune strongly towards the blue as bias current increases.

<http://www.ka-electronics.com/images/pdf/Junction_Temperature_LED_Tempco.pdf>

Cheers

Phil Hobbs


--
Dr Philip C D Hobbs
Principal Consultant
ElectroOptical Innovations LLC / Hobbs ElectroOptics
Optics, Electro-optics, Photonics, Analog Electronics
Briarcliff Manor NY 10510

http://electrooptical.net
http://hobbs-eo.com
 
George Herold is a Dope wrote:

===================

Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.


** Try reading the damn heading - dickwad !!


Well dick head, I did,

** Then you ignored it.

and everyone seemed to be answering the
question of voltage drop vs current.

** So you wrote a pile of drivel about the colour changing with low temps.

Yaawwwwnnn....

Context has no meaning in your bubble.


..... Phil
 
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 6:45:45 PM UTC-4, George Herold wrote:
On Wednesday, April 22, 2020 at 6:22:27 PM UTC-4, Phil Allison wrote:
George Herold wrote:

===================


Hmm? Are you asking about the voltage drop versus current
or vs temperature.


** Try reading the damn heading - dickwad !!



.... Phil

Well dick head, I did, and everyone seemed to be answering the
question of voltage drop vs current.

GH

Please excuse me. Getting mad online is not constructive.
George H.
 
John S wrote:
LTSpice says that the forward voltage drop of LEDs have a positive
coefficient. That is contrary to my thinking and to my measurements.

Am I doing something wrong?

** Nope.

A red LED has about 2 or 3mV per degree drop @ 2mA.

Close to a regular Si diode.


.... Phil
 

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