antenna grounding

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

 

[Rich Grise]

On Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:09:49 -0600, jfisher864 wrote:

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my coax
is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for the
grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I need to
ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be any problem
putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would be separated by
about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

As long as you don't short the power company's neutral to any of them
except the one at the main entrance panel, you can put as many ground rods
as you want. I'd make the lead for lightning ground as short as possible.

You could also install lightning rods on the peak of the roof.

Good Luck!
Rich

 

[whit3rd]

On Nov 13, 8:09 am, jfisher...@comcast.net wrote:

 I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning)  would be the back of the house.

Can you find a ground on the roof? Plumbing vents (if they're steel
pipe like in my house) are often suitable.

 

[default]

On Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:09:49 -0600, jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

Ground the mast with a short(est) lead to a good earth ground, the
coax gets a grounding block also.

BTW if you have sandy soil, you can "wash" a 10 foot length of copper
pipe into the ground by connecting a garden hose to it and working it
in. The water pressure pushes the soil away from the tip. I use a
plastic compression adapter for the pipe and solder a pigtail on
before I wash it down, then a copper split bolt connector to connect
the pigtail to the ground wire. Excellent ground that way - lot of
surface area and well into the wet subsurface soil.
--

 

[ehsjr]

jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

No problem - except that you are required by the National Electrical
Code [article 810.21 (J)] to bond those ground rods to the building
grounding electrode system with a 6 AWG or larger bonding jumper.
If you do not add ground rods, you may have an easier job by
connecting the antenna and lead in grounds per 810.21 (F) (1):

"The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in
250.50
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5
ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as
covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode
conductor metal enclosures; or to grounded interior
metal water pipe"

I've omitted quoting two more places listed in the artice
[810.21 (2) and 810.21 (3)] because
they refer to buildings with no grounding means.

The connection in 810.21 (F) requires smaller wire (#10 copper
or #8 aluminum) than you would need if you install ground rods.

Ed

 

[default]

On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 01:56:11 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net>
wrote:

jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:
I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

No problem - except that you are required by the National Electrical
Code [article 810.21 (J)] to bond those ground rods to the building
grounding electrode system with a 6 AWG or larger bonding jumper.
If you do not add ground rods, you may have an easier job by
connecting the antenna and lead in grounds per 810.21 (F) (1):

"The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in
250.50
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5
ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as
covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode
conductor metal enclosures; or to grounded interior
metal water pipe"

I've omitted quoting two more places listed in the artice
[810.21 (2) and 810.21 (3)] because
they refer to buildings with no grounding means.

The connection in 810.21 (F) requires smaller wire (#10 copper
or #8 aluminum) than you would need if you install ground rods.

Ed
Is that really necessary if the lightening ground merely grounds the

mast and coax? Normal TVs don't use a three wire grounded line cord
as a rule, and that requirement reads like they are talking about
electrical safety for multi ground power distribution.
--

 

[ehsjr]

default wrote:

On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 01:56:11 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

No problem - except that you are required by the National Electrical
Code [article 810.21 (J)] to bond those ground rods to the building
grounding electrode system with a 6 AWG or larger bonding jumper.
If you do not add ground rods, you may have an easier job by
connecting the antenna and lead in grounds per 810.21 (F) (1):

"The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in
250.50
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5
ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as
covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode
conductor metal enclosures; or to grounded interior
metal water pipe"

I've omitted quoting two more places listed in the artice
[810.21 (2) and 810.21 (3)] because
they refer to buildings with no grounding means.

The connection in 810.21 (F) requires smaller wire (#10 copper
or #8 aluminum) than you would need if you install ground rods.

Ed

Is that really necessary if the lightening ground merely grounds the
mast and coax?

I'm not sure what you have in mind by the question, so
two answers:

Any ground rod you add (for the antenna or for any other reason)
must be bonded to the building grounding electrode system.

You are not required to add a ground rod, you can ground per 810.21 (F)

Normal TVs don't use a three wire grounded line cord
as a rule, and that requirement reads like they are talking about
electrical safety for multi ground power distribution.

The way I see it, article 810 applies to antennas, regardless of the
equipment the antenna is connected to, even if it is battery powered
and completely isolated from the AC mains.

Ed

 

[default]

On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 18:35:40 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net>
wrote:

default wrote:
On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 01:56:11 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:

I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

No problem - except that you are required by the National Electrical
Code [article 810.21 (J)] to bond those ground rods to the building
grounding electrode system with a 6 AWG or larger bonding jumper.
If you do not add ground rods, you may have an easier job by
connecting the antenna and lead in grounds per 810.21 (F) (1):

"The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in
250.50
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5
ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as
covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode
conductor metal enclosures; or to grounded interior
metal water pipe"

I've omitted quoting two more places listed in the artice
[810.21 (2) and 810.21 (3)] because
they refer to buildings with no grounding means.

The connection in 810.21 (F) requires smaller wire (#10 copper
or #8 aluminum) than you would need if you install ground rods.

Ed

Is that really necessary if the lightening ground merely grounds the
mast and coax?

I'm not sure what you have in mind by the question, so
two answers:

Any ground rod you add (for the antenna or for any other reason)
must be bonded to the building grounding electrode system.

I make a practice of grounding any conductive mast like a flagpole
or lightening arrestor on a gazebo with no power run to it, etc.. I
live on the NC coast, we are second to Florida for lightening strikes
- a metal clothes line gets grounded around here - any nearby strike
will induce enough voltage to zap you with just 20 feet of wire laying
on the ground, but not grounded. So an absolute statement like "any"
ground, makes no sense.

You are not required to add a ground rod, you can ground per 810.21 (F)

Normal TVs don't use a three wire grounded line cord
as a rule, and that requirement reads like they are talking about
electrical safety for multi ground power distribution.

The way I see it, article 810 applies to antennas, regardless of the
equipment the antenna is connected to, even if it is battery powered
and completely isolated from the AC mains.

Ed

Makes a lot of sense for power distribution safety but not solely for
lightening protection. If the article you mention was intended to
mean lightening grounding, they'd first and foremost insist that the
wires be as straight and direct to ground as possible. You don't put
sharp bends in wire that you expect to divert the full power of a
strike, or the induced voltage of a strike.

Our cable and dish installers use a ground rod at the dish or before
the cable enters the building - and don't use 8 gauge wire. With
cable it often comes on the same pole as the electrical service and
the ground block is often cheaper to connect to the same ground as the
service entrance. Dish installations however, are at the dish or at
the house with their own ground rod. My own "professional"
installation has what looks like insulated 14 or 16 gauge to a split
bolt on the service ground (which might be 6-8 gauge).

Power distribution safety is another beast altogether. We have to
meet conductor size specifications, but have to measure the resistance
on industrial installations between our added grounds and service
entrance ground.

With antennas you often are more concerned with electrostatic charge
buildup for equipment protection. If you "listen" to the storms here
you can often hear the point discharge of static build until a strike
occurs then it dies out and slowly builds until the next strike. Out
on the water you can often see as well as hear it. We get up to about
20" sparks from outriggers during storms - if that were coax or a high
impedance radio input, the voltage would probably punch through
insulation if there were no 5kv spark gaps installed.

--

 

[ehsjr]

default wrote:

On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 18:35:40 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


default wrote:

On Sat, 14 Nov 2009 01:56:11 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:



jfisher864@comcast.net wrote:


I'm about to get of the cable tv merry go round and am installing an
antenna on my roof. The problem is that the service entrance for my
coax is on the side of the house and the most direct downward line for
the grounding wire ( for lightning) would be the back of the house. I
need to ground both the antenna and the coax from it. Would there be
any problem putting two separate ground rods in to do this,they would
be separated by about 50 or 6o feet. ?? thanks for any help jk

No problem - except that you are required by the National Electrical
Code [article 810.21 (J)] to bond those ground rods to the building
grounding electrode system with a 6 AWG or larger bonding jumper.
If you do not add ground rods, you may have an easier job by
connecting the antenna and lead in grounds per 810.21 (F) (1):

"The grounding conductor shall be connected as follows:
(1) To the nearest accessible location on the following:
a. The building or structure grounding electrode system as covered in
250.50
b. The grounded interior metal water piping systems, within 1.52 m (5
ft) from its point of entrance to the building, as covered in 250.52
c. The power service accessible means external to the building, as
covered in 250.94
d. The metallic power service raceway
e. The service equipment enclosure, or
f. The grounding electrode conductor or the grounding electrode
conductor metal enclosures; or to grounded interior
metal water pipe"

I've omitted quoting two more places listed in the artice
[810.21 (2) and 810.21 (3)] because
they refer to buildings with no grounding means.

The connection in 810.21 (F) requires smaller wire (#10 copper
or #8 aluminum) than you would need if you install ground rods.

Ed

Is that really necessary if the lightening ground merely grounds the
mast and coax?

I'm not sure what you have in mind by the question, so
two answers:

Any ground rod you add (for the antenna or for any other reason)
must be bonded to the building grounding electrode system.


I make a practice of grounding any conductive mast like a flagpole
or lightening arrestor on a gazebo with no power run to it, etc.. I
live on the NC coast, we are second to Florida for lightening strikes
- a metal clothes line gets grounded around here - any nearby strike
will induce enough voltage to zap you with just 20 feet of wire laying
on the ground, but not grounded. So an absolute statement like "any"
ground, makes no sense.

It's not a question of what you or I think makes sense.
I cited the NEC, and the NEC makes it mandatory:
"250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6)
that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded
together to form the grounding electrode system."

Your mention of gazebos and metal wire closelines and flagpoles
and the discussion below do not apply to the op's situation
or my post.

Ed

You are not required to add a ground rod, you can ground per 810.21 (F)


Normal TVs don't use a three wire grounded line cord
as a rule, and that requirement reads like they are talking about
electrical safety for multi ground power distribution.

The way I see it, article 810 applies to antennas, regardless of the
equipment the antenna is connected to, even if it is battery powered
and completely isolated from the AC mains.

Ed


Makes a lot of sense for power distribution safety but not solely for
lightening protection. If the article you mention was intended to
mean lightening grounding, they'd first and foremost insist that the
wires be as straight and direct to ground as possible. You don't put
sharp bends in wire that you expect to divert the full power of a
strike, or the induced voltage of a strike.

Our cable and dish installers use a ground rod at the dish or before
the cable enters the building - and don't use 8 gauge wire. With
cable it often comes on the same pole as the electrical service and
the ground block is often cheaper to connect to the same ground as the
service entrance. Dish installations however, are at the dish or at
the house with their own ground rod. My own "professional"
installation has what looks like insulated 14 or 16 gauge to a split
bolt on the service ground (which might be 6-8 gauge).

Power distribution safety is another beast altogether. We have to
meet conductor size specifications, but have to measure the resistance
on industrial installations between our added grounds and service
entrance ground.

With antennas you often are more concerned with electrostatic charge
buildup for equipment protection. If you "listen" to the storms here
you can often hear the point discharge of static build until a strike
occurs then it dies out and slowly builds until the next strike. Out
on the water you can often see as well as hear it. We get up to about
20" sparks from outriggers during storms - if that were coax or a high
impedance radio input, the voltage would probably punch through
insulation if there were no 5kv spark gaps installed.

 

[default]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 02:00:05 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net>
wrote:

It's not a question of what you or I think makes sense.
I cited the NEC, and the NEC makes it mandatory:
"250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6)
that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded
together to form the grounding electrode system."

Your mention of gazebos and metal wire closelines and flagpoles
and the discussion below do not apply to the op's situation
or my post.

Ed

The National Fire Protection Agency has a standard (nfpa 780) for
lightening protection systems that probably covers the appropriate
ways to protect against lightening damage. That standard probably
makes more sense for this application.
--

 

[Michael A. Terrell]

default wrote:

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 02:00:05 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


It's not a question of what you or I think makes sense.
I cited the NEC, and the NEC makes it mandatory:
"250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6)
that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded
together to form the grounding electrode system."

Your mention of gazebos and metal wire closelines and flagpoles
and the discussion below do not apply to the op's situation
or my post.

Ed

The National Fire Protection Agency has a standard (nfpa 780) for
lightening protection systems that probably covers the appropriate
ways to protect against lightening damage. That standard probably
makes more sense for this application.

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.


--
The movie 'Deliverance' isn't a documentary!

 

[default]

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:40:43 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
<mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

default wrote:

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 02:00:05 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


It's not a question of what you or I think makes sense.
I cited the NEC, and the NEC makes it mandatory:
"250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6)
that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded
together to form the grounding electrode system."

Your mention of gazebos and metal wire closelines and flagpoles
and the discussion below do not apply to the op's situation
or my post.

Ed

The National Fire Protection Agency has a standard (nfpa 780) for
lightening protection systems that probably covers the appropriate
ways to protect against lightening damage. That standard probably
makes more sense for this application.


No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

Why would you say that? Google it.

The scope is not related to residential TV antennas but building
protection. This links to an overview:
http://www.pdhonline.org/courses/e131/e131content.pdf

The link shows maps of the US with lightning frequency as well as
reference to NFPA 70 for electrical power distribution grounding and a
requirement to link the lightening ground to the building ground, and
utilities ground - water and gas mains.

The actual document is $40 from the NFPA.

It is not a practical system for TV antennas, but it does spell out
things like no sharp bends, ground location, separate ground rod for
each "down comer," and size wire (huge - but then its intended to
shunt 10,000 amp strikes to ground on things like smokestacks,
broadcast antennas, and industrial buildings)



--

 

[Michael A. Terrell]

default wrote:

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 20:40:43 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:


default wrote:

On Mon, 16 Nov 2009 02:00:05 -0500, ehsjr <ehsjr@nospamverizon.net
wrote:


It's not a question of what you or I think makes sense.
I cited the NEC, and the NEC makes it mandatory:
"250.50 Grounding Electrode System.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6)
that are present at each building or structure served shall be bonded
together to form the grounding electrode system."

Your mention of gazebos and metal wire closelines and flagpoles
and the discussion below do not apply to the op's situation
or my post.

Ed

The National Fire Protection Agency has a standard (nfpa 780) for
lightening protection systems that probably covers the appropriate
ways to protect against lightening damage. That standard probably
makes more sense for this application.


No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

Why would you say that? Google it.

The scope is not related to residential TV antennas but building
protection. This links to an overview:
http://www.pdhonline.org/courses/e131/e131content.pdf

The link shows maps of the US with lightning frequency as well as
reference to NFPA 70 for electrical power distribution grounding and a
requirement to link the lightening ground to the building ground, and
utilities ground - water and gas mains.

The actual document is $40 from the NFPA.

It is not a practical system for TV antennas, but it does spell out
things like no sharp bends, ground location, separate ground rod for
each "down comer," and size wire (huge - but then its intended to
shunt 10,000 amp strikes to ground on things like smokestacks,
broadcast antennas, and industrial buildings)

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.


--
The movie 'Deliverance' isn't a documentary!

 

[default]

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
<mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection
--

 

[Michael A. Terrell]

default wrote:

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection
--

A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.


--
The movie 'Deliverance' isn't a documentary!

 

[Rich Grise]

On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:50:14 -0500, Michael A. Terrell wrote:

default wrote:
On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection --

A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.

Or the sky at dawn, or a political extremist toning down his rhetoric -
oh, wait: That's lightening _up_. ;-)

Cheers!
Rich

 

[Fred Abse]

On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:50:14 -0500, Michael A. Terrell wrote:

default wrote:

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection --


A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.

Or jettisoning ballast?

;-)

--
"Electricity is of two kinds, positive and negative. The difference
is, I presume, that one comes a little more expensive, but is more
durable; the other is a cheaper thing, but the moths get into it."
(Stephen Leacock)

 

[Michael A. Terrell]

Fred Abse wrote:

On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:50:14 -0500, Michael A. Terrell wrote:


default wrote:

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection --


A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.

Or jettisoning ballast?

;-)

Are you talking about 'George Jettison' ;-)


--
The movie 'Deliverance' isn't a documentary!

 

[krw]

On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:50:14 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
<mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

default wrote:

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection
--


A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.

Michael Jackson.

 

[Fred Abse]

On Sat, 21 Nov 2009 10:28:11 -0500, Michael A. Terrell wrote:

Fred Abse wrote:

On Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:50:14 -0500, Michael A. Terrell wrote:


default wrote:

On Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:12:10 -0500, "Michael A. Terrell"
mike.terrell@earthlink.net> wrote:

No they don't. They don't even deal with 'lightening'.

This is about a typo?

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection --


A typo is once. 'Lightening' was used all through the post. That
would be bleaching something.

Or jettisoning ballast?

;-)


Are you talking about 'George Jettison' ;-)

No, 'Thomas Jettison' : "Whenever you do a thing, act as if all the world
were watching."

;-)

--
"Electricity is of two kinds, positive and negative. The difference
is, I presume, that one comes a little more expensive, but is more
durable; the other is a cheaper thing, but the moths get into it."
(Stephen Leacock)